我需要创建一个数据可视化,它看起来像一堆浮动气泡,文本在气泡内。
我有一个部分工作的例子,它使用这里编写的模拟数据: JSfiddle
// helpers
var random = function(min, max) {
if (max == null) {
max = min;
min = 0;
}
return min + Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1));
};
// mock data
var colors = [
{
fill: 'rgba(242,216,28,0.3)',
stroke: 'rgba(242,216,28,1)'
},
{
fill: 'rgba(207,203,196,0.3)',
stroke: 'rgba(207,203,196,1)'
},
{
fill: 'rgba(0,0,0,0.2)',
stroke: 'rgba(100,100,100,1)'
}
];
var data = [];
for(var j = 0; j <= 2; j++) {
for(var i = 0; i <= 4; i++) {
var text = 'text' + i;
var category = 'category' + j;
var r = random(50, 100);
data.push({
text: text,
category: category,
r: r,
r_change_1: r + random(-20, 20),
r_change_2: r + random(-20, 20),
fill: colors[j].fill,
stroke: colors[j].stroke
});
}
}
// mock debug
//console.table(data);
// collision detection
// derived from http://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/1748247
function collide(alpha) {
var quadtree = d3.geom.quadtree(data);
return function(d) {
var r = d.r + 10,
nx1 = d.x - r,
nx2 = d.x + r,
ny1 = d.y - r,
ny2 = d.y + r;
quadtree.visit(function(quad, x1, y1, x2, y2) {
if (quad.point && (quad.point !== d)) {
var x = d.x - quad.point.x,
y = d.y - quad.point.y,
l = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y),
r = d.r * 2;
if (l < r) {
l = (l - r) / l * alpha;
d.x -= x *= l;
d.y -= y *= l;
quad.point.x += x;
quad.point.y += y;
}
}
return x1 > nx2 || x2 < nx1 || y1 > ny2 || y2 < ny1;
});
};
}
// initialize
var container = d3.select('.bubble-cloud');
var $container = $('.bubble-cloud');
var containerWidth = $container.width();
var containerHeight = $container.height();
var svgContainer = container
.append('svg')
.attr('width', containerWidth)
.attr('height', containerHeight);
// prepare layout
var force = d3.layout
.force()
.size([containerWidth, containerHeight])
.gravity(0)
.charge(0)
;
// load data
force.nodes(data)
.start()
;
// create item groups
var node = svgContainer.selectAll('.node')
.data(data)
.enter()
.append('g')
.attr('class', 'node')
.call(force.drag);
// create circles
node.append('circle')
.classed('circle', true)
.attr('r', function (d) {
return d.r;
})
.style('fill', function (d) {
return d.fill;
})
.style('stroke', function (d) {
return d.stroke;
});
// create labels
node.append('text')
.text(function(d) {
return d.text
})
.classed('text', true)
.style({
'fill': '#ffffff',
'text-anchor': 'middle',
'font-size': '12px',
'font-weight': 'bold',
'font-family': 'Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif'
})
;
node.append('text')
.text(function(d) {
return d.category
})
.classed('category', true)
.style({
'fill': '#ffffff',
'font-family': 'Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif',
'text-anchor': 'middle',
'font-size': '9px'
})
;
node.append('line')
.classed('line', true)
.attr('x1', 0)
.attr('y1', 0)
.attr('x2', 50)
.attr('y2', 0)
.attr('stroke-width', 1)
.attr('stroke', function (d) {
return d.stroke;
})
;
// put circle into movement
force.on('tick', function(){
d3.selectAll('circle')
.each(collide(.5))
.attr('cx', function (d) {
// boundaries
if(d.x <= d.r) {
d.x = d.r + 1;
}
if(d.x >= containerWidth - d.r) {
d.x = containerWidth - d.r - 1;
}
return d.x;
})
.attr('cy', function (d) {
// boundaries
if(d.y <= d.r) {
d.y = d.r + 1;
}
if(d.y >= containerHeight - d.r) {
d.y = containerHeight - d.r - 1;
}
return d.y;
});
d3.selectAll('line')
.attr('x1', function (d) {
return d.x - d.r + 10;
})
.attr('y1', function (d) {
return d.y;
})
.attr('x2', function (d) {
return d.x + d.r - 10;
})
.attr('y2', function (d) {
return d.y;
});
d3.selectAll('.text')
.attr('x', function (d) {
return d.x;
})
.attr('y', function (d) {
return d.y - 10;
});
d3.selectAll('.category')
.attr('x', function (d) {
return d.x;
})
.attr('y', function (d) {
return d.y + 20;
});
});
// animate
var interval = setInterval(function(){
// moving of the circles
// ...
}, 5 * 1000);
但是我现在面临动画问题。我无法弄清楚如何在力图中为节点设置动画。我试图调整数据对象的值,然后在setInterval方法中调用.tick()方法,但它没有帮助。 我正在使用D3力布局。
我的问题是:
如何使气泡在屏幕周围“浮动”,即如何 动画他们?
如何设置圆半径的变化动画?
感谢您的想法。
答案 0 :(得分:2)
实际上,我认为这个感觉更好......
r = d.rt + 10
更改为此r = d.rt + rmax
以加强对重叠的控制
// helpers
var random = function(min, max) {
if (max == null) {
max = min;
min = 0;
}
return min + Math.floor(Math.random() * (max - min + 1));
},
metrics = d3.select('.bubble-cloud').append("div")
.attr("id", "metrics")
.style({"white-space": "pre", "font-size": "8px"}),
elapsedTime = outputs.ElapsedTime("#metrics", {
border: 0, margin: 0, "box-sizing": "border-box",
padding: "0 0 0 6px", background: "black", "color": "orange"
})
.message(function(value) {
var this_lap = this.lap().lastLap, aveLap = this.aveLap(this_lap)
return 'alpha:' + d3.format(" >7,.3f")(value)
+ '\tframe rate:' + d3.format(" >4,.1f")(1 / aveLap) + " fps"
}),
hist = d3.ui.FpsMeter("#metrics", {display: "inline-block"}, {
height: 8, width: 100,
values: function(d){return 1/d},
domain: [0, 60]
}),
// mock data
colors = [
{
fill: 'rgba(242,216,28,0.3)',
stroke: 'rgba(242,216,28,1)'
},
{
fill: 'rgba(207,203,196,0.3)',
stroke: 'rgba(207,203,196,1)'
},
{
fill: 'rgba(0,0,0,0.2)',
stroke: 'rgba(100,100,100,1)'
}
];
// initialize
var container = d3.select('.bubble-cloud');
var $container = $('.bubble-cloud');
var containerWidth = 600;
var containerHeight = 180 - elapsedTime.selection.node().clientHeight;
var svgContainer = container
.append('svg')
.attr('width', containerWidth)
.attr('height', containerHeight);
var data = [],
rmin = 15,
rmax = 30;
d3.range(0, 3).forEach(function(j){
d3.range(0, 6).forEach(function(i){
var r = random(rmin, rmax);
data.push({
text: 'text' + i,
category: 'category' + j,
x: random(rmax, containerWidth - rmax),
y: random(rmax, containerHeight - rmax),
r: r,
fill: colors[j].fill,
stroke: colors[j].stroke,
get v() {
var d = this;
return {x: d.x - d.px || 0, y: d.y - d.py || 0}
},
set v(v) {
var d = this;
d.px = d.x - v.x;
d.py = d.y - v.y;
},
get s() {
var v = this.v;
return Math.sqrt(v.x * v.x + v.y * v.y)
},
set s(s1){
var s0 = this.s, v0 = this.v;
if(!v0 || s0 == 0) {
var theta = Math.random() * Math.PI * 2;
this.v = {x: Math.cos(theta) * s1, y: Math.sin(theta) * s1}
} else this.v = {x: v0.x * s1/s0, y: v0.y * s1/s0};
},
set sx(s) {
this.v = {x: s, y: this.v.y}
},
set sy(s) {
this.v = {y: s, x: this.v.x}
},
});
})
});
// collision detection
// derived from http://bl.ocks.org/mbostock/1748247
function collide(alpha) {
var quadtree = d3.geom.quadtree(data);
return function(d) {
var r = d.rt + rmax,
nx1 = d.x - r,
nx2 = d.x + r,
ny1 = d.y - r,
ny2 = d.y + r;
quadtree.visit(function(quad, x1, y1, x2, y2) {
if (quad.point && (quad.point !== d)) {
var x = d.x - quad.point.x,
y = d.y - quad.point.y,
l = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y),
r = d.rt + quad.point.rt;
if (l < r) {
l = (l - r) / l * (1 + alpha);
d.x -= x *= l;
d.y -= y *= l;
quad.point.x += x;
quad.point.y += y;
}
}
return x1 > nx2 || x2 < nx1 || y1 > ny2 || y2 < ny1;
});
};
}
// prepare layout
var force = d3.layout
.force()
.size([containerWidth, containerHeight])
.gravity(0.001)
.charge(0)
.friction(.8)
.on("start", function() {
elapsedTime.start(100);
});
// load data
force.nodes(data)
.start();
// create item groups
var node = svgContainer.selectAll('.node')
.data(data)
.enter()
.append('g')
.attr('class', 'node')
.call(force.drag);
// create circles
var circles = node.append('circle')
.classed('circle', true)
.attr('r', function (d) {
return d.r;
})
.style('fill', function (d) {
return d.fill;
})
.style('stroke', function (d) {
return d.stroke;
})
.each(function(d){
// add dynamic r getter
var n= d3.select(this);
Object.defineProperty(d, "rt", {get: function(){
return +n.attr("r")
}})
});
// create labels
node.append('text')
.text(function(d) {
return d.text
})
.classed('text', true)
.style({
'fill': '#ffffff',
'text-anchor': 'middle',
'font-size': '6px',
'font-weight': 'bold',
'text-transform': 'uppercase',
'font-family': 'Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif'
})
.attr('x', function (d) {
return 0;
})
.attr('y', function (d) {
return - rmax/5;
});
node.append('text')
.text(function(d) {
return d.category
})
.classed('category', true)
.style({
'fill': '#ffffff',
'font-family': 'Tahoma, Arial, sans-serif',
'text-anchor': 'middle',
'font-size': '4px'
})
.attr('x', function (d) {
return 0;
})
.attr('y', function (d) {
return rmax/4;
});
var lines = node.append('line')
.classed('line', true)
.attr({
x1: function (d) {
return - d.r + rmax/10;
},
y1: function (d) {
return 0;
},
x2: function (d) {
return d.r - rmax/10;
},
y2: function (d) {
return 0;
}
})
.attr('stroke-width', 1)
.attr('stroke', function (d) {
return d.stroke;
})
.each(function(d){
// add dynamic x getter
var n= d3.select(this);
Object.defineProperty(d, "lxt", {get: function(){
return {x1: +n.attr("x1"), x2: +n.attr("x2")}
}})
});
// put circle into movement
force.on('tick', function t(e){
var s0 = 0.25, k = 0.3;
a = e.alpha ? e.alpha : force.alpha();
elapsedTime.mark(a);
if(elapsedTime.aveLap.history.length)
hist(elapsedTime.aveLap.history);
for ( var i = 0; i < 3; i++) {
circles
.each(collide(a))
.each(function(d) {
var moreThan, v0;
// boundaries
//reflect off the edges of the container
// check for boundary collisions and reverse velocity if necessary
if((moreThan = d.x > (containerWidth - d.rt)) || d.x < d.rt) {
d.escaped |= 2;
// if the object is outside the boundaries
// manage the sign of its x velocity component to ensure it is moving back into the bounds
if(~~d.v.x) d.sx = d.v.x * (moreThan && d.v.x > 0 || !moreThan && d.v.x < 0 ? -1 : 1);
// if vx is too small, then steer it back in
else d.sx = (~~Math.abs(d.v.y) || Math.min(s0, 1)*2) * (moreThan ? -1 : 1);
// clear the boundary without affecting the velocity
v0 = d.v;
d.x = moreThan ? containerWidth - d.rt : d.rt;
d.v = v0;
// add a bit of hysteresis to quench limit cycles
} else if (d.x < (containerWidth - 2*d.rt) && d.x > 2*d.rt) d.escaped &= ~2;
if((moreThan = d.y > (containerHeight - d.rt)) || d.y < d.rt) {
d.escaped |= 4;
if(~~d.v.y) d.sy = d.v.y * (moreThan && d.v.y > 0 || !moreThan && d.v.y < 0 ? -1 : 1);
else d.sy = (~~Math.abs(d.v.x) || Math.min(s0, 1)*2) * (moreThan ? -1 : 1);
v0 = d.v;
d.y = moreThan ? containerHeight - d.rt : d.rt;
d.v = v0;
} else if (d.y < (containerHeight - 2*d.rt) && d.y > 2*d.rt) d.escaped &= ~4;
});
}
// regulate the speed of the circles
data.forEach(function reg(d){
if(!d.escaped) d.s = (s0 - d.s * k) / (1 - k);
});
node.attr("transform", function position(d){return "translate(" + [d.x, d.y] + ")"});
force.alpha(0.05);
});
// animate
window.setInterval(function(){
var tinfl = 3000, tdefl = 1000, inflate = "elastic", deflate = "cubic-out";
for(var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
if(Math.random()>0.8) data[i].r = random(rmin,rmax);
}
var changes = circles.filter(function(d){return d.r != d.rt});
changes.filter(function(d){return d.r > d.rt})
.transition("r").duration(tinfl).ease(inflate)
.attr('r', function (d) {
return d.r;
});
changes.filter(function(d){return d.r < d.rt})
.transition("r").duration(tdefl).ease(deflate)
.attr('r', function (d) {
return d.r;
});
// this runs with an error of less than 1% of rmax
changes = lines.filter(function(d){return d.r != d.rt});
changes.filter(function(d){return d.r > d.rt})
.transition("l").duration(tinfl).ease(inflate)
.attr({
x1: function lx1(d) {
return -d.r + rmax / 10;
},
x2: function lx2(d) {
return d.r - rmax / 10;
}
});
changes.filter(function(d){return d.r < d.rt})
.transition("l").duration(tdefl).ease(deflate)
.attr({
x1: function lx1(d) {
return -d.r + rmax / 10;
},
x2: function lx2(d) {
return d.r - rmax / 10;
}
});
}, 2 * 500);
body {
background: black;
margin:0;
padding:0;
}
.bubble-cloud {
background: url("http://dummyimage.com/100x100/111/333?text=sample") 0 0;
width: 600px;
height: 190px;
overflow: hidden;
position: relative;
margin:0 auto;
}
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/d3/3.4.11/d3.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://gitcdn.xyz/repo/cool-Blue/d3-lib/master/elapsedTime/elapsed-time-2.0.js"></script>
<script src="https://gitcdn.xyz/repo/cool-Blue/d3-lib/master/plot/plot-transform.js"></script>
<script src="https://gitcdn.xyz/repo/cool-Blue/d3-lib/master/plot/fps-histogram.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://gitcdn.xyz/repo/cool-Blue/d3-lib/master/plot/fps-histogram.css">
<div class="bubble-cloud"></div>
我喜欢将此公式用于间距动态...
l = (l - r) / l * (1+ alpha);
然后使用约0.05的alpha
在我看来,不需要重力或充电,我唯一要改变的是将摩擦力设置为1.这意味着保持速度,但如果你的客户生病,那么将其击回0.99。
编辑:
改为稍微柔和且更正确的碰撞模型
l = (l - r) / l * (1/2 + alpha);
还添加了一点重力,使其“像云一样”和摩擦(见上文)
我也试过使用CSS过渡,但支持似乎不完整,至少对SVG元素说。
circle
半径,但不适用于{45}中的line
和Opera 在IE 11和FF(40.0.3)中,没有任何CSS过渡对我有用
我会对浏览器兼容性的反馈感兴趣,因为我在互联网上找不到这方面的内容。
我experimented with velocity.js就此而言,我认为我更倾向于过渡。