我最近编写了一个计算pi到指定位数的程序。必须将位数作为第一个命令行参数传递。
当使用大约300以下的数字值运行时,它可以正常工作。但是,当使用较大的数字值运行时,它会崩溃并出现以下异常。
../../src/init2.c:52: MPFR assertion failed: p >= 2 && p <= ((mpfr_prec_t)((mpfr_uprec_t)(~(mpfr_uprec_t)0)>>1))
Aborted (core dumped)
我认为这是由于MPFR库中的最高精度,但是,我不明白如何更改最大值或解决它。
这是我的代码pi.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <gmp.h>
#include <mpfr.h>
#include <math.h>
void CalculatePi(mpfr_t* pi, int precision, unsigned long long digits, unsigned long long* iterations)
{
//this function uses the gauss-legendre algorithm
unsigned long long loopCount = 0;
mpfr_set_default_prec(precision);
mpfr_t epsilon;
mpfr_t oldA;
mpfr_t oldB;
mpfr_t oldT;
mpfr_t oldP;
mpfr_t A;
mpfr_t B;
mpfr_t T;
mpfr_t P;
mpfr_init2(epsilon, precision);
mpfr_init2(oldA, precision);
mpfr_init2(oldB, precision);
mpfr_init2(oldT, precision);
mpfr_init2(oldP, precision);
mpfr_init2(A, precision);
mpfr_init2(B, precision);
mpfr_init2(T, precision);
mpfr_init2(P, precision);
//epsilon = pow((1 / 10), digits);
mpfr_set_ui(epsilon, 1, MPFR_RNDD);
mpfr_div_ui(epsilon, epsilon, 10, MPFR_RNDD);
mpfr_pow_ui(epsilon, epsilon, digits, MPFR_RNDD);
//oldA = 1;
mpfr_set_ui(oldA, 1, MPFR_RNDD);
//loldB = (1 / sqrt(2));
mpfr_sqrt_ui(oldB, 2, MPFR_RNDD);
mpfr_ui_div(oldB, 1, oldB, MPFR_RNDD);
//oldT = (1 / 4);
mpfr_set_ui(oldT, 1, MPFR_RNDD);
mpfr_div_ui(oldT, oldT, 4, MPFR_RNDD);
//oldP = 1;
mpfr_set_ui(oldP, 1, MPFR_RNDD);
while (1)
{
// A = ((oldA + oldB) / 2)
mpfr_add(A, oldA, oldB, MPFR_RNDD);
mpfr_div_ui(A, A, 2, MPFR_RNDD);
// B = sqrt(oldA * oldB)
mpfr_mul(B, oldA, oldB, MPFR_RNDD);
mpfr_sqrt(B, B, MPFR_RNDD);
// T = (oldT - (oldP * pow((oldA - A), 2)))
mpfr_sub(T, oldA, A, MPFR_RNDD);
mpfr_pow_ui(T, T, 2, MPFR_RNDD);
mpfr_mul(T, oldP, T, MPFR_RNDD);
mpfr_sub(T, oldT, T, MPFR_RNDD);
// P = (oldP * 2)
mpfr_mul_ui(P, oldP, 2, MPFR_RNDD);
// oldA = A
mpfr_set(oldA, A, MPFR_RNDD);
// oldB = B
mpfr_set(oldB, B, MPFR_RNDD);
// oldT = T
mpfr_set(oldT, T, MPFR_RNDD);
// oldP = P
mpfr_set(oldP, P, MPFR_RNDD);
loopCount++;
mpfr_add(*pi, A, B, MPFR_RNDD);
mpfr_pow_ui(*pi, *pi, 2, MPFR_RNDD);
mpfr_mul_ui(T, T, 4, MPFR_RNDD);
mpfr_div(*pi, *pi, T, MPFR_RNDD);
printf("Pi is ");
mpfr_out_str (stdout, 10, digits, *pi, MPFR_RNDD);
putchar ('\n');
//if (abs(A - B) < epsilon)
//break;
mpfr_sub(P, A, B, MPFR_RNDN);
mpfr_abs(P, P, MPFR_RNDN);
if(mpfr_lessequal_p(P, epsilon) != 0)
break;
}
//pi = (pow((A + B), 2) / (T * 4));
//mpfr_add(*pi, A, B, MPFR_RNDD);
//mpfr_pow_ui(*pi, *pi, 2, MPFR_RNDD);
//mpfr_mul_ui(T, T, 4, MPFR_RNDD);
//mpfr_div(*pi, *pi, T, MPFR_RNDD);
iterations = &loopCount;
mpfr_clear(epsilon);
mpfr_clear(oldA);
mpfr_clear(oldB);
mpfr_clear(oldT);
mpfr_clear(oldP);
mpfr_clear(A);
mpfr_clear(B);
mpfr_clear(T);
mpfr_clear(P);
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
unsigned long long digits = strtoull(argv[1], NULL, 10);
unsigned long long iterations = 0;
//precision = log(10 ^ digits)
int precision = ceil(log2(pow(10.0, (double)digits)));
mpfr_t pi;
mpfr_init2(pi, precision);
CalculatePi(&pi, precision, digits, &iterations);
printf("-----FINAL RESULT REACHED-----\n");
printf("Pi is ");
mpfr_out_str (stdout, 10, digits, pi, MPFR_RNDD);
putchar ('\n');
mpfr_clear(pi);
return 0;
}
我使用gcc使用以下命令编译程序:
gcc -o pi pi.c -lgmp -lmpfr -lm
答案 0 :(得分:1)
问题是由于309个数字或更多(或多或少对应于帖子中的约300个),pow (10.0, digits)
溢出,给出无穷大,因此ceil(log2(pow(10.0, (double)digits)))
也是double
给出一个无穷大,当转换为整数时,它有一个未定义的行为。溢出在这里是double
类型的限制,与MPFR无关。为了避免数量上的大量数据(因此溢出),数学表达式log2(10 ^ n)可以用n * log2(10)代替,在实践中不会溢出。
注意:MPFR具有比double
大得多的指数范围,因此在MPFR而不是//*[@type="Submit"][preceding::*[@name="email" or @name="name"]]
中计算log2(10 ^ n)也可以避免合理的n值溢出,但是在任何情况下,n * log2(10)形式都更安全,评估速度更快。