我正在开发一个带有Django 1.7的webapp(project_name是" sonata")以及来自"两个Django 1.6"的勺子的项目布局,所以我有一个3层基本文件夹树。
.
├── docs
├── requirements
├── scripts
└── sonata
├── person
│ └── templatetags
├── registration
├── sonata
│ └── settings
├── static
│ ├── css
│ │ └── images
│ ├── fonts
│ └── js
├── templates
│ ├── personApp
│ └── registrationApp
└── utils
└── templatetags
在Heroku上部署时遇到问题。我已完成部署,但静态文件未提供给浏览器。
我知道我应该通过设置强制某种方式提供静态文件,然后用google搜索。我已经看过许多方法并阅读有关使用亚马逊服务的内容,但我正在寻找最简单的方法,这将使gUnicorn的未来生产部署变得容易(我希望)。
我尝试修改设置文件(进一步向下,是heroku.py,覆盖base.py)并更改STATIC_ROOT,STATICFILES_DIRS的值并添加以下行:
urlpatterns += static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT)
我一直试着跑步:
heroku run sonata/manage.py collectstatic
之前
git push heroku master
但没有任何反应,甚至用
进行检查heroku run ls sonata/assets
正在复制文件。
拜托,我想要一些方向来真正理解我做错了什么并修补它。
在了解heroku和部署时,我遇到了一些使用project_name.wsgi文件的样本ProcFiles,我对此一无所知。
我可以使用一些帮助,因为我阅读的网络越多,我就越困惑。请假设我对部署知之甚少。链接会很有用,但它必须显示新手的材料: - (
非常感谢你提前。
ProcFile:
web: python sonata/manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:$PORT --noreload
heroku.py:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Heroku settings and globals."""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from .base import *
from os import environ
# TODO Warning! Heroku retrieve values as strings
# TODO we should check (only for Heroku) that 'True' and 'False' are respectively True and False 0,
# or the equivalent ones, True and False
def get_env_setting(setting):
""" Gets the environment variable or an Exception.
This can be used, for example, for getting the SECRET_KEY and not having it hardcoded in the source code
Also for setting the active settings file for local development, heroku, production server, etc... """
try:
return environ[setting]
except KeyError:
error_msg = "Set the %s env variable" % setting
raise ImproperlyConfigured(error_msg)
########## HOST CONFIGURATION
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.5/releases/1.5/#allowed-hosts-required-in-production
ALLOWED_HOSTS = ['*']
########## END HOST CONFIGURATION
########## EMAIL CONFIGURATION
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#email-backend
EMAIL_BACKEND = 'django.core.mail.backends.smtp.EmailBackend'
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#email-host
EMAIL_HOST = environ.get('EMAIL_HOST', 'smtp.gmail.com')
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#email-host-password
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = environ.get('EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD', '')
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#email-host-user
EMAIL_HOST_USER = environ.get('EMAIL_HOST_USER', 'your_email@example.com')
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#email-port
EMAIL_PORT = environ.get('EMAIL_PORT', 587)
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#email-subject-prefix
EMAIL_SUBJECT_PREFIX = '[%s] ' % SITE_NAME
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#email-use-tls
EMAIL_USE_TLS = True
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#server-email
SERVER_EMAIL = EMAIL_HOST_USER
########## END EMAIL CONFIGURATION
########## DATABASE CONFIGURATION
import dj_database_url
DATABASES['default'] = dj_database_url.config()
# DATABASES = {}
########## END DATABASE CONFIGURATION
########## CACHE CONFIGURATION
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#caches
CACHES = {
'default': {
'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.locmem.LocMemCache',
}
}
########## END CACHE CONFIGURATION
########## SECRET CONFIGURATION
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#secret-key
SECRET_KEY = get_env_setting('SECRET_KEY')
########## END SECRET CONFIGURATION
base.py:
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
"""Common settings and globals."""
from os.path import abspath, basename, dirname, join, normpath
from sys import path
from os import environ
def get_env_setting(setting):
""" Gets the environment variable or an Exception.
This can be used, for example, for getting the SECRET_KEY and not having it hardcoded in the source code
Also for setting the active settings file for local development, heroku, production server, etc... """
try:
return environ[setting]
except KeyError:
error_msg = "Set the %s env variable" % setting
raise ImproperlyConfigured(error_msg)
########## PATH CONFIGURATION
# Absolute filesystem path to the Django project directory:
DJANGO_ROOT = dirname(dirname(abspath(__file__)))
# Absolute filesystem path to the top-level project folder:
SITE_ROOT = dirname(DJANGO_ROOT)
# Site name:
SITE_NAME = basename(DJANGO_ROOT)
# Add our project to our pythonpath, this way we don't need to type our project
# name in our dotted import paths:
path.append(DJANGO_ROOT)
########## END PATH CONFIGURATION
########## DEBUG CONFIGURATION
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#debug
DEBUG = False
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#template-debug
TEMPLATE_DEBUG = DEBUG
########## END DEBUG CONFIGURATION
########## MANAGER CONFIGURATION
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#admins
ADMINS = (
('Your Name', 'your_email@example.com'),
)
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#managers
MANAGERS = ADMINS
########## END MANAGER CONFIGURATION
########## DATABASE CONFIGURATION
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#databases
DATABASES = {
'default': {
'ENGINE': 'django.db.backends.',
'NAME': '',
'USER': '',
'PASSWORD': '',
'HOST': '',
'PORT': '',
}
}
########## END DATABASE CONFIGURATION
########## GENERAL CONFIGURATION
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#time-zone
TIME_ZONE = 'Europe/Madrid'
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#language-code
LANGUAGE_CODE = 'es-es'
DEFAULT_CHARSET = 'utf-8'
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#site-id
SITE_ID = 1
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#use-i18n
USE_I18N = True
LOCALE_PATHS = (# Idiomas disponibles en la aplicación
SITE_ROOT + '/locale',
)
LANGUAGES = (# Ruta donde buscar ficheros de idioma
('es', 'Español'),
('gl', 'Galego'),
('en', 'English'),
('it', 'Italiano'),
)
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#use-l10n
USE_L10N = True
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#use-tz
USE_TZ = True
########## END GENERAL CONFIGURATION
########## MEDIA CONFIGURATION
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#media-root
MEDIA_ROOT = normpath(join(SITE_ROOT, 'media'))
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#media-url
MEDIA_URL = '/media/'
########## END MEDIA CONFIGURATION
########## STATIC FILE CONFIGURATION
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#static-root
STATIC_ROOT = normpath(join(SITE_ROOT, 'assets'))
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#static-url
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/contrib/staticfiles/#std:setting-STATICFILES_DIRS
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
normpath(join(SITE_ROOT, 'static')),
)
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/contrib/staticfiles/#staticfiles-finders
STATICFILES_FINDERS = (
'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder',
'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.AppDirectoriesFinder',
)
########## END STATIC FILE CONFIGURATION
########## LOGIN REDIRECTION
# The URL you'd like to redirect users to that aren't logged in
LOGIN_URL = '/registration/login/'
#########################################
########## LOGIN NOT REQUIRED
# Tuple of regular expressions that lists your exceptions to the default login required on every page.
LOGIN_EXEMPT_URLS = (
r'^registration/login\.html$',
r'^admin/',
)
#########################################
########## SECRET CONFIGURATION
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#secret-key
# Note: This key should only be used for development and testing.
SECRET_KEY = r"I am not going to show you my secret key, sorry"
########## END SECRET CONFIGURATION
########## SITE CONFIGURATION
# Hosts/domain names that are valid for this site
# See https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.5/ref/settings/#allowed-hosts
ALLOWED_HOSTS = []
########## END SITE CONFIGURATION
########## FIXTURE CONFIGURATION
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#std:setting-FIXTURE_DIRS
FIXTURE_DIRS = (
normpath(join(SITE_ROOT, 'fixtures')),
)
########## END FIXTURE CONFIGURATION
########## TEMPLATE CONFIGURATION
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#template-context-processors
TEMPLATE_CONTEXT_PROCESSORS = (
'django.contrib.auth.context_processors.auth',
'django.core.context_processors.debug',
'django.core.context_processors.i18n',
'django.core.context_processors.media',
'django.core.context_processors.static',
'django.core.context_processors.tz',
'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages',
'django.core.context_processors.request',
)
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#template-loaders
TEMPLATE_LOADERS = (
'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader',
'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader',
)
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#template-dirs
TEMPLATE_DIRS = (
normpath(join(SITE_ROOT, 'templates')),
normpath(join(SITE_ROOT, 'templates/registration')),
normpath(join(SITE_ROOT, 'templates/person')),
)
########## END TEMPLATE CONFIGURATION
########## MIDDLEWARE CONFIGURATION
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#middleware-classes
MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = (
# Default Django middleware.
'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware',
'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware',
'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware',
'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware',
'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware',
'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware',
'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware',
# Custom middleware
'sonata.settings.middleware.LoginRequiredMiddleware',
)
########## END MIDDLEWARE CONFIGURATION
########## URL CONFIGURATION
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#root-urlconf
ROOT_URLCONF = '%s.urls' % SITE_NAME
########## END URL CONFIGURATION
########## APP CONFIGURATION
DJANGO_APPS = (
# Default Django apps:
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.sites',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
# Useful template tags:
# 'django.contrib.humanize',
# Admin panel and documentation:
'django.contrib.admin',
# 'django.contrib.admindocs',
)
# Apps specific for this project go here.
LOCAL_APPS = (
'person',
'registration',
'utils',
)
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#installed-apps
INSTALLED_APPS = DJANGO_APPS + LOCAL_APPS
########## END APP CONFIGURATION
########## LOGGING CONFIGURATION
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#logging
# A sample logging configuration. The only tangible logging
# performed by this configuration is to send an email to
# the site admins on every HTTP 500 error when DEBUG=False.
# See http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/logging for
# more details on how to customize your logging configuration.
LOGGING = {
'version': 1,
'disable_existing_loggers': False,
'filters': {
'require_debug_false': {
'()': 'django.utils.log.RequireDebugFalse'
}
},
'handlers': {
'mail_admins': {
'level': 'ERROR',
'filters': ['require_debug_false'],
'class': 'django.utils.log.AdminEmailHandler'
}
},
'loggers': {
'django.request': {
'handlers': ['mail_admins'],
'level': 'ERROR',
'propagate': True,
},
}
}
########## END LOGGING CONFIGURATION
########## WSGI CONFIGURATION
# See: https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/ref/settings/#wsgi-application
WSGI_APPLICATION = '%s.wsgi.application' % SITE_NAME
答案 0 :(得分:2)
我终于明白了。我必须在heroku.py中包含以下行:
<强> heroku.py 强>
# Important for Heroku
BASE_DIR = dirname(dirname(abspath(__file__)))
STATIC_ROOT = 'static' # Important for Heroku
STATIC_URL = '/static/'
STATICFILES_DIRS = (
path.join(BASE_DIR, 'static'), # Important for Heroku
)
我必须在wsgi.py中为静态文件添加一些行:
<强> wsgi.py 强>
from django.core.wsgi import get_wsgi_application
from whitenoise.django import DjangoWhiteNoise
application = get_wsgi_application()
application = DjangoWhiteNoise(application)
并且还更改Procfile:
<强> Procfile 强>
web: gunicorn --chdir sonata --log-file - sonata.wsgi:application
答案 1 :(得分:1)
Procfile告诉Heroku应该启动哪些进程。没有它,Heroku
无法启动应用程序。但首先,对于Python
应用程序需要在存储库的根目录下有一个requirements.txt
文件。
我不熟悉 Django的两个独家新闻(我知道这本书,但我已经知道了 从来没有读过它,所以我不确定那个项目布局是什么。它&#39; S 没错,但对我来说似乎过于复杂,特别是对于 总的初学者,因为它偏离了“规范”的铺设方式 一个Django项目。所以如果你刚刚开始,我真的会建议你 与Django一起看看并通过工作 official Django tutorial(该页面上的“第一步”部分)。
现在假设您当前的布局,对于Heroku,您需要在根目录中包含两个文件
您的存储库(位于docs
,scripts
等目录的同一级别
是):Procfile
和requirements.txt
。假设您的WSGI入口点是
在sonata/sonata
目录中(应该称为wsgi.py
),Procfile
应该有这样的事情:
web: gunicorn sonata.sonata.wsgi --log-file -
请注意,您在此处展示的Procfile
应该能够运行(假设
Python路径是正确的),但您正在使用应该使用的开发服务器
在部署环境中完成。我gunicorn
中的Procfile
件事
是一个标准的生产质量Python WSGI应用程序服务器和Procfile
简单地说用这个应用程序运行gunicorn
。
requirements.txt
文件至少应该包含:
Django>=1.7
gunicorn
在里面。这个文件告诉Heroku用Pip安装Python包(Python&#39; s 包经理)。在 这种情况是最新版本的Django 1.7分支和Gunicorn。它也应该 列出您的项目具有的其他Python依赖项。此文件的存在 也是告诉Heroku你的应用程序是一个Python应用程序。你应该 真的仔细阅读Getting started with Django on Heroku 指南,因为它涵盖了基础知识和指向进一步阅读。我同意 Heroku的文档对于一个初学者来说有点到处都是, 但是如果你一步一步地使用谷歌来做一些不清楚的事情 对你来说,你应该有一个相对较快的工作设置。
对于静态文件,是的,您可以使用static()
函数执行操作
在urlpatterns
即使您使用的是Gunicorn而不是开发服务器
但仅限于DEBUG = True
中的settings.py
,绝对不应该static()
在生产中!如果这只是一个升级或测试,那就没关系,但即便如此
基本的事实仍然存在:Heroku基本上只是一个应用服务器。
它不适用于提供任何静态文件。理论上你可以服务
他们使用static()
技巧从Heroku开始,但是只要你进行新的部署
或者一旦应用程序重新启动(可以并且确实经常发生)
由于多种原因,所有的静态文件将消失。所以,实际上,
必须托管其他地方的静态文件,无论是S3还是其他东西。
您在如何设置urlpatterns += static(settings.STATIC_URL, document_root=settings.STATIC_ROOT) +\
static(settings.MEDIA_URL, document_root=settings.MEDIA_ROOT)
功能时也可能出错
应该(如果你也想提供媒体文件):
collectstatic
同样,这只会在您的应用重新启动之前的短时间内有效 原因,此时您的应用程序已损坏,因为所有静态文件 走了。
另请注意,您无需在Heroku上手动运行collectstatic
。它
将检测Django应用程序并在部署时自动运行它。即使
它没有,你在推送存储库之前无法做到这一点。反之亦然
周围,你先推,然后{{1}}运行(你会看到它正在运行
自动地)。
在我看来,你真的把头绑在了这个结上,所以我的建议 会退后一步。制作一个非常简单的香草Django应用程序(通过以下 我提到的教程,并尝试将其部署到Heroku,你应该 按照他们链接的Django部署基础知识。即使采用那种方法 是可能的警告,但这些不属于这个问题的范围。一步 一次(尽可能远地回到你想出来的时候),你会没事的。
答案 2 :(得分:1)
我正在使用Django 1.7开发一个webapp(project_name是&#34; sonata&#34;)和 来自&#34;两勺Django 1.6&#34;的项目布局,所以我有一个 3层基本文件夹树。
您所指的Two Scoops模板仅适用于1.6,您不应将其用于1.7。
对于django 1.7,你应该使用cookiecutter recipe(这是1.7版本的链接;默认存储库是django 1.8。)
我不知道为什么你有一个heroku.py
文件(这不是来自2scoops的模板的一部分)而且不需要。
2scoops的默认模板假设如下:
确保您希望如何开始,因为您需要单独设置AWS凭据。
假设您已经从头开始使用django 1.7的正确模板,要在heroku上启动它,您必须确保为Heroku设置适当的环境变量,以确保可以连接适当。执行此操作的步骤列在default readme中(作为项目的一部分生成)。
请确保follow the guidelines确保您的项目设置正确。
作为初学者,如果您不熟悉django / heroku / AWS,这可能需要消化很多。
我建议您按照heroku tutorial for django进行更简单的操作,并立即开始使用。