Question

我正在开发一个示例程序来帮助我学习C ++中的结构。这是我的代码：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

int nextPersonID = 0;
int nextAddressID = 0;

struct date {
    int day;
    int month;
    int year;
};

struct address {
    int id;
    string address;
    date effectiveDate;
    date expirationDate;
};

struct person {
    int id;
    string name;
    date birthdate;
    const int numberOfAddresses;
    address addresses [1];
};

int main () {
    person bob;
    bob.name = "Bob";
    bob.id = nextPersonID;
    nextPersonID++;
    bob.birthdate.day = 1;
    bob.birthdate.month = 1;
    bob.birthdate.year = 1990;
    bob.numberOfAddresses = 1;
    bob.addresses[0].address = "31415 E. Pi Blvd.";
    bob.addresses[0].id = nextAddressID;
    nextAddressID++;
    bob.addresses[0].effectiveDate.day = 1;
    bob.addresses[0].effectiveDate.month = 1;
    bob.addresses[0].effectiveDate.year = 1990;
    bob.addresses[0].expirationDate.day = 1;
    bob.addresses[0].expirationDate.day = 1;
    bob.addresses[0].expirationDate.day = 2020;
    cout << bob.name;
}

但是当我尝试编译时，它失败了note: 'person::person()' is implicitly deleted because the default definition would be ill-formed.。这是我的构建日志：

-------------- Build: Debug in DataStructures (compiler: GNU GCC Compiler)---------------

mingw32-g++.exe -Wall -g -std=c++11 -I"C:\Program Files (x86)\CodeBlocks\MinGW_Dev_Libs\include\SDL2" -c C:\Users\Duncan\Documents\C++\Challenges\DataStructures\DataStructures.cpp -o obj\Debug\DataStructures.o
C:\Users\Duncan\Documents\C++\Challenges\DataStructures\DataStructures.cpp: In function 'int main()':
C:\Users\Duncan\Documents\C++\Challenges\DataStructures\DataStructures.cpp:32:12: error: use of deleted function 'person::person()'
C:\Users\Duncan\Documents\C++\Challenges\DataStructures\DataStructures.cpp:23:8: note: 'person::person()' is implicitly deleted because the default definition would be ill-formed:
C:\Users\Duncan\Documents\C++\Challenges\DataStructures\DataStructures.cpp:23:8: error: uninitialized non-static const member 'const int person::numberOfAddresses'
C:\Users\Duncan\Documents\C++\Challenges\DataStructures\DataStructures.cpp:39:29: error: assignment of read-only member 'person::numberOfAddresses'
Process terminated with status 1 (0 minute(s), 1 second(s))
3 error(s), 0 warning(s) (0 minute(s), 1 second(s))

我找不到Google与我的问题有关的任何内容。有任何想法吗？我正在使用Code :: Blocks with g ++。

Answer 1

嗯，问题不在于“注意”。 “注释”只是解释了错误的原因。错误是您在类person没有默认构造函数时尝试默认构造person对象。

您可以{} - 初始化该const成员并编译代码

，而不是尝试默认构造它。

person bob = { nextPersonID++, "Bob", {}, 1 };
bob.birthdate.day = 1;
bob.birthdate.month = 1;
bob.birthdate.year = 1990;
...

或者，您可以简单地为该类编写自己的默认构造函数。

Answer 2

问题与“当class person没有默认构造函数时的default-construct ...”无关。问题与在类的声明中具有常量以及不保证将定义该常量的构造函数有关。建议使用“初始化列表”。

struct Person {
        int id;
        string name;
        date birthdate;
        const int numberOfAddresses;
        address addresses [1];

        Person(int); // constructor declaration
        Person() : numberOfAddresses(1) {} // constructor definition.
                      // ": numberOfAddresses(1)" is the initializer list
                      // ": numberOfAddresses(1) {}" is the function body
    };
    Person::Person(int x) : numberOfAddresses(x) {} // constructor definition. ": numberOfAddresses{x}" is the initializer list
    int main()
    {
        Person Bob; // calls Person::Person()
        Person Shurunkle(10); // calls Person::Person(int)
    }

注意：'person :: person（）'被隐式删除，因为默认定义不正确

2 个答案: