如果是这样,我可以从文件中检索结构吗?

时间:2015-06-23 23:30:45

标签: c++ c struct

所以,我有这个结构数组和一个文件,我需要将所有信息复制到结构中,我可以这样做吗?如果不是我怎么能这样做?

#include <stdio.h>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

typedef struct{
      int x;
      int y;
      int z;
}coordinates;

int main(){
     coordinates coordinate[100];
     int i = 0;
     FILE *f;
     f = fopen("file.file","rb");

     if(!f){
        cout << "Error";
        return 0;
     }

     while(!feof(f)){
        fread(coordinate[i],sizeof(coordinates),1,f);
        i++;
     }
     return 0;
}

5 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:1)

好吧,如果您使用的是C ++(顺便提一下C语言完全不同)。您只需为该类定义输入运算符。

struct coordinates{
      int x;
      int y;
      int z;

      // Personally I prefer serialization to a straight binary format.
      // It is easy to read and validate by a human
      // and not as brittle as a binary format when anything non
      // trivial happens.
      friend std::istream& operator>>(std::istream& str, coordinates& c)
      {
           return str >> c.x >> c.y >> c.z;
      }
      friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& str, coordinates const& c)
      {
           return str << c.x << " " << c.y << " " << c.z << " ";
      }
};

现在您只需从文件中读取结构:

int main()
{
    std::ifstream data("file.file");

    coordinates  value;
    while(data >> value) {
       std::cout << "I have a set of cordinates\n";
    }

    // To read them into an array (a vector is a resizable array available in C++)
    std::vector<coordinates>   vec;
    std::copy(std::istream_iterator<coordinates>(file),
              std::istream_iterator<coordinates>(),
              std::back_inserter(vec));
}

答案 1 :(得分:0)

如何编写和读取结构到二进制文件

    typedef struct{
      int x;
      int y;
      int z;
}coordinates;

写入文件

 FILE *f;
 f = fopen("test.dat","wb");

 for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++)
 {
    coordinates c;
    c.x = 0;
    c.y = 1;
    c.z= 2;
    fwrite(&c,sizeof(coordinates),1,f);
 }

回读结构

 FILE *f;
 f = fopen("test.dat","rb");

 if(!f){
    cout << "Error";
    return 0;
 }

 coordinates c;
 while(fread(&c,sizeof(coordinates),1,f))
 {
    cout << c.x << " " << c.y << " "<< c.z << endl;
 }

答案 2 :(得分:0)

  

如果可以,我可以从文件中检索结构吗?

是的,你可以。您可以使用readwrite方法执行此操作。打开文件并以二进制模式编写结构。然后,您可以使用read方法以二进制模式从文件中读取。

您可以使用write方法将结构直接写入二进制模式的文件中:

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

struct Player {
    int age;
    int score;
};

int main()
{
    // You can write a structure directly into a file.
    // Create an instance of 'Player':
    Player rec;
    rec.age = 10;
    rec.score = 900;

    // Create out file
    fstream out_file("rec.bin",
                     ios::trunc | ios::binary | ios::in | ios::out
                     );

    // write the whole structure into the file
    out_file.write(reinterpret_cast<char*>( &rec ),
                   sizeof( rec )
                   );
}

我们在写入和读取方法中对char*进行类型转换,因为write方法按顺序逐个写入每个字符,每个字节。因此,我们转换为char*以直接引用这组字节。

要读取文件,请使用read方法。
以下是阅读我们刚刚写入文件struct的{​​{1}}的示例:

rec.bin

输出:

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;

struct Player {
    int age;
    int score;
};

int main()
{
    fstream in_file("rec.bin", ios::binary | ios::in | ios::out);

    Player in_rec;

    // read in age
    if ( !in_file.read(
          reinterpret_cast<char*>( &in_rec.age ),
          sizeof( in_rec.age )
    ))
    {
        // handle error
    }

    // read in score
    if ( !in_file.read(
          reinterpret_cast<char*>( &in_rec.score ),
          sizeof( in_rec.score )
    ))
    {
        // handle error
    }

    cout << in_rec.age << endl;
    cout << in_rec.score << endl;
}

答案 3 :(得分:0)

在cord.txt文件中使用分隔符,因此可以轻松检索坐标。如果你有这种格式的文本文件,我的代码将很好用

cord.txt
4,5,6,
3,4,5,
7,8,9,   

根据上述文本文件格式的代码是

typedef struct 
{
 int x;
 int y;
 int z;
}cord;

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  cord cr[100];
  int i,j,k,l;
  j=0;k=0;l=0;
  char numbr[80];char numx[3];char numy[3];char numz[3];
  FILE *p;
  p = fopen("cord.txt","r");
  if(!p) { cout<<"File is missing\n"; }
  while(!feof(p))
  {
    for(i=0;i<80;i++)
    numbr[i]=NULL;
    for(i=0;i<3;i++)
    {
      numx[i]=NULL;
      numy[i]=NULL;
      numz[i]=NULL;
    }

   fgets(numbr,80,p);
   for(i=0;i<strlen(numbr);i++)
   {
      if(numbr[i]!=',')
      {
          if(k==0) {numx[l]=numbr[i];}
          else if(k==1) {numy[l]=numbr[i];}
          else if(k==2) {numz[l]=numbr[i];}
          l=l+1;    
      }
      else
      {
          l=0;
          if(k==0)
          {cr[j].x=atoi(numx);k=k+1;}
          else if(k==1)
          {cr[j].y=atoi(numy);k=k+1;}
          else if(k==2)
          {cr[j].z=atoi(numz);k=0;break;}
      }
   } 
   j=j+1;    
}
fclose(p);

for(i=0;i<j;i++)
 {   
   cout<<cr[i].x<<" "<<cr[i].y<<" "<<cr[i].z<<endl;
 }
cout<<"\n";
return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

输出将是        4,5,6,        3,4,5,        7,8,9

答案 4 :(得分:0)

将结构写入FILE(或更一般地说,流)的过程称为序列化。你可以用二进制(这很难)或用文本来做。以下代码对类似的数据结构执行文本序列化。

int read_coords (FILE * f, coord_t * result);
void write_coords (FILE * f, coord_t const * write_me);

/**
 * Reads a coordinate in the form x,y,z from f into result.
 * Returns non-zero on success
 */
int read_coords (FILE * f, coord_t * result)
{
  // Leading spaces in scanf cause us to elegantly handle weird whitespace
  int read = fscanf (f, " %d , %d , %d", &result->x, &result->y, &result->z);

  return read == 3;
}

void write_coords (FILE * f, coord_t const * result)
{
  fprintf (f, "%d, %d, %d\n", result->x, result->y, result->z);
}

int main (void)
{
  coord_t coord;

  printf ("Gimme Coords: ");
  if (read_coords (stdin, &coord))
  {
    printf ("I got: ");
    write_coords(stdout, &coord);
  }
  else
  {
    printf ("I had an error reading those coords.");
  }

  return 0;
}
PS,看起来你在C级。我建议现在避免。您可以在同一程序中混合和匹配不同的I / O方法,但这会让事情变得混乱。