echo -n 的终端上的手册页如下:
-n Do not print the trailing newline character. This may also be
achieved by appending `\c' to the end of the string, as is done by
iBCS2 compatible systems. Note that this option as well as the
effect of `\c' are implementation-defined in IEEE Std 1003.1-2001
(``POSIX.1'') as amended by Cor. 1-2002. Applications aiming for
maximum portability are strongly encouraged to use printf(1) to
suppress the newline character.
Some shells may provide a builtin echo command which is similar or iden-
tical to this utility. Most notably, the builtin echo in sh(1) does not
accept the -n option. Consult the builtin(1) manual page.
当我尝试通过以下方式生成MD5哈希时:
echo "password" | md5
返回 286755fad04869ca523320acce0dc6a4
当我这样做时
echo -n "password"
返回在线MD5生成器返回的值: 5f4dcc3b5aa765d61d8327deb882cf99
选项 -n 有什么区别?我不明白终端的条目。
答案 0 :(得分:5)
执行echo "password" | md5
时,echo
会为要散列的字符串添加换行符,即password\n
。当您添加-n
开关时,它不会,因此只会对字符password
进行哈希处理。
最好使用printf
,无需任何开关即可完成您的操作:
printf 'password' | md5
对于'password'
不仅仅是文字字符串的情况,您应该使用格式说明符:
printf '%s' "$pass" | md5
这意味着密码中的转义字符(例如\n
,\t
)不会被printf
解释并按字面打印。
答案 1 :(得分:2)
echo
单独添加新行,而echo -n
则不添加。
来自man bash
:
回声 [-neE] [arg ...]
输出args,用空格分隔,后跟换行符。 (......) 如果指定了
-n
,则会抑制尾随换行符。
考虑到这一点后,使用printf
总是更安全,echo -n
提供与$ echo "password" | md5sum
286755fad04869ca523320acce0dc6a4 -
$ echo -n "password" | md5sum
5f4dcc3b5aa765d61d8327deb882cf99 -
$ printf "%s" "password" | md5sum
5f4dcc3b5aa765d61d8327deb882cf99 - # same result as echo -n
相同的功能。也就是说,没有添加默认的新行:
$ echo "hello" > a
$ cat a
hello
$ echo -n "hello" > a
$ cat a
hello$ # the new line is not present, so the prompt follows last line
有关详细信息,请参阅Why is printf better than echo?中的精湛答案。
另一个例子:
fprintf()