我想知道是否有任何Python库可以进行模糊文本搜索。例如:
我试过fuzzywuzzy
并没有解决我的问题。另一个库Whoosh
看起来很强大,但我找不到合适的功能......
答案 0 :(得分:10)
<强> {1} 强>
您可以在Whoosh 2.7
中执行此操作。它通过添加插件whoosh.qparser.FuzzyTermPlugin
:
whoosh.qparser.FuzzyTermPlugin
可让您搜索“模糊”字词,即不必完全匹配的字词。模糊术语将匹配一定数量的“编辑”中的任何类似术语(字符插入,删除和/或转置 - 这称为“Damerau-Levenshtein编辑距离”)。
添加模糊插件:
parser = qparser.QueryParser("fieldname", my_index.schema)
parser.add_plugin(qparser.FuzzyTermPlugin())
将模糊插件添加到解析器后,您可以通过添加~
后跟可选的最大编辑距离来指定模糊术语。如果未指定编辑距离,则默认值为1.
例如,以下“模糊”术语查询:
letter~
letter~2
letter~2/3
{2} 要按顺序保留文字,请使用查询whoosh.query.Phrase
,但您应该将Phrase
插件替换为允许您使用模糊字词的whoosh.qparser.SequencePlugin
在短语中:
"letter~ stamp~ mail~"
用序列插件替换默认短语插件:
parser = qparser.QueryParser("fieldname", my_index.schema)
parser.remove_plugin_class(qparser.PhrasePlugin)
parser.add_plugin(qparser.SequencePlugin())
{3} 要在两者之间添加字词,请将词组查询中的slop
arg初始化为更大的数字:
whoosh.query.Phrase(fieldname, words, slop=1, boost=1.0, char_ranges=None)
slop - 短语中每个“单词”之间允许的单词数;默认值为1表示短语必须完全匹配。
您还可以在Query中定义slop,如下所示:
"letter~ stamp~ mail~"~10
{4} 整体解决方案:
{4.a} Indexer 就像:
from whoosh.index import create_in
from whoosh.fields import *
schema = Schema(title=TEXT(stored=True), content=TEXT)
ix = create_in("indexdir", schema)
writer = ix.writer()
writer.add_document(title=u"First document", content=u"This is the first document we've added!")
writer.add_document(title=u"Second document", content=u"The second one is even more interesting!")
writer.add_document(title=u"Third document", content=u"letter first, stamp second, mail third")
writer.add_document(title=u"Fourth document", content=u"stamp first, mail third")
writer.add_document(title=u"Fivth document", content=u"letter first, mail third")
writer.add_document(title=u"Sixth document", content=u"letters first, stamps second, mial third wrong")
writer.add_document(title=u"Seventh document", content=u"stamp first, letters second, mail third")
writer.commit()
{4.b} 搜索者会是这样的:
from whoosh.qparser import QueryParser, FuzzyTermPlugin, PhrasePlugin, SequencePlugin
with ix.searcher() as searcher:
parser = QueryParser(u"content", ix.schema)
parser.add_plugin(FuzzyTermPlugin())
parser.remove_plugin_class(PhrasePlugin)
parser.add_plugin(SequencePlugin())
query = parser.parse(u"\"letter~2 stamp~2 mail~2\"~10")
results = searcher.search(query)
print "nb of results =", len(results)
for r in results:
print r
结果如下:
nb of results = 2
<Hit {'title': u'Sixth document'}>
<Hit {'title': u'Third document'}>
{5} 如果您希望将模糊搜索设置为默认值而不在查询的每个单词中使用语法word~n
,则可以像这样初始化QueryParser
:< / p>
from whoosh.query import FuzzyTerm
parser = QueryParser(u"content", ix.schema, termclass = FuzzyTerm)
现在您可以使用查询"letter stamp mail"~10
,但请注意FuzzyTerm
具有默认编辑距离maxdist = 1
。如果您想要更大的编辑距离,请对课程进行个性化设置:
class MyFuzzyTerm(FuzzyTerm):
def __init__(self, fieldname, text, boost=1.0, maxdist=2, prefixlength=1, constantscore=True):
super(D, self).__init__(fieldname, text, boost, maxdist, prefixlength, constantscore)
# super().__init__() for Python 3 I think
参考文献: