使用matplotlib颜色图进行颜色循环

时间:2015-05-06 14:24:58

标签: python matplotlib

如果我通过例如创造颜色:     导入numpy为np     从matplotlib导入pyplot作为plt

n = 6
color = plt.cm.coolwarm(np.linspace(0.1,0.9,n))
color

颜色是一个numpy数组:

array([[ 0.34832334, 0.46571115, 0.88834616, 1. ], [ 0.56518158, 0.69943844, 0.99663507, 1. ], [ 0.77737753, 0.84092121, 0.9461493 , 1. ], [ 0.93577377, 0.8122367 , 0.74715647, 1. ], [ 0.96049006, 0.61627642, 0.4954666 , 1. ], [ 0.83936494, 0.32185622, 0.26492398, 1. ]])

但是,如果我在我的.mplstyle文件(map(tuple,color[:,0:-1]))中插入RGB值(没有alpha值1)作为元组,我会收到与此类似的错误:

in file "/home/moritz/.config/matplotlib/stylelib/ggplot.mplstyle" Key axes.color_cycle: [(0.34832334141176474 does not look like a color arg (val, error_details, msg))

任何想法为什么?

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:6)

对于Matplotlib 2.2,使用cycler模块即可解决问题,而无需转换为十六进制值。

import cycler

n = 100
color = pyplot.cm.viridis(np.linspace(0, 1,n))
mpl.rcParams['axes.prop_cycle'] = cycler.cycler('color', color)

答案 1 :(得分:3)

细节在matplotlibrc本身,实际上:它需要一个字符串rep(十六进制或字母或单词,而不是元组)。

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib as mpl

fig, ax1 = plt.subplots(1,1)

ys = np.random.random((5, 6))
ax1.plot(range(5), ys)
ax1.set_title('Default color cycle')
plt.show()

# From the sample matplotlibrc:
#axes.color_cycle    : b, g, r, c, m, y, k  # color cycle for plot lines
                                            # as list of string colorspecs:
                                            # single letter, long name, or
                                            # web-style hex

# setting color cycle after calling plt.subplots doesn't "take"
# try some hex values as **string** colorspecs
mpl.rcParams['axes.color_cycle'] = ['#129845','#271254', '#FA4411', '#098765', '#000009']

fig, ax2 = plt.subplots(1,1)
ax2.plot(range(5), ys)
ax2.set_title('New color cycle')


n = 6
color = plt.cm.coolwarm(np.linspace(0.1,0.9,n)) # This returns RGBA; convert:
hexcolor = map(lambda rgb:'#%02x%02x%02x' % (rgb[0]*255,rgb[1]*255,rgb[2]*255),
               tuple(color[:,0:-1]))

mpl.rcParams['axes.color_cycle'] = hexcolor

fig, ax3 = plt.subplots(1,1)
ax3.plot(range(5), ys)
ax3.set_title('Color cycle from colormap')

plt.show()

enter image description here enter image description here enter image description here

答案 2 :(得分:0)

“连续”颜色图

如果您要循环显示“连续”颜色图中的N种颜色,例如默认的viridis地图the solution by @Gerges效果很好。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

N = 6
plt.rcParams["axes.prop_cycle"] = plt.cycler("color", plt.cm.viridis(np.linspace(0,1,N)))

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
for i in range(N):
    ax.plot([0,1], [i, 2*i])

plt.show()

“离散”颜色图

Matplotlib提供了一些“离散”的色图,因为它们为定性视觉提供了少量的不同颜色,例如tab10色图。要循环显示这种颜色图,解决方案可能是不使用N,而只需将地图的所有颜色移植到循环仪上即可。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.rcParams["axes.prop_cycle"] = plt.cycler("color", plt.cm.tab20c.colors)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
for i in range(15):
    ax.plot([0,1], [i, 2*i])

plt.show()

请注意,只有ListedColormaps具有.colors属性,因此该属性仅适用于那些颜色表,而不适用于例如jet地图。

组合解决方案

以下是一个通用函数,该函数将色图作为输入并输出相应的循环仪。我最初在this matplotlib issue中提出了此解决方案。

from matplotlib.pyplot import cycler
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.colors import LinearSegmentedColormap, ListedColormap
import matplotlib.cm

def get_cycle(cmap, N=None, use_index="auto"):
    if isinstance(cmap, str):
        if use_index == "auto":
            if cmap in ['Pastel1', 'Pastel2', 'Paired', 'Accent',
                        'Dark2', 'Set1', 'Set2', 'Set3',
                        'tab10', 'tab20', 'tab20b', 'tab20c']:
                use_index=True
            else:
                use_index=False
        cmap = matplotlib.cm.get_cmap(cmap)
    if not N:
        N = cmap.N
    if use_index=="auto":
        if cmap.N > 100:
            use_index=False
        elif isinstance(cmap, LinearSegmentedColormap):
            use_index=False
        elif isinstance(cmap, ListedColormap):
            use_index=True
    if use_index:
        ind = np.arange(int(N)) % cmap.N
        return cycler("color",cmap(ind))
    else:
        colors = cmap(np.linspace(0,1,N))
        return cycler("color",colors)

在“连续”情况下的用法:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
N = 6
plt.rcParams["axes.prop_cycle"] = get_cycle("viridis", N)

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
for i in range(N):
    ax.plot([0,1], [i, 2*i])

plt.show()

用于“离散”案例

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

plt.rcParams["axes.prop_cycle"] = get_cycle("tab20c")

fig, ax = plt.subplots()
for i in range(15):
    ax.plot([0,1], [i, 2*i])

plt.show()