过去几周我一直在与Neo4J争吵,试图解决一些极具挑战性的性能问题。此时,我需要一些额外的帮助,因为我无法确定如何继续前进。
我的图表总共有大约1250万个节点和6400万个关系。该图的目的是分析可疑的财务行为,因此它是客户,帐户,交易等。
以下是性能挑战的一个示例:
此查询总节点需要96,064毫秒才能完成,这非常长。
neo4j-sh (?)$ MATCH (n) RETURN count(n);
+----------+
| count(n) |
+----------+
| 12519940 |
+----------+
1 row
96064 ms
查询总关系需要919,449毫秒才能完成,这看起来很愚蠢。
neo4j-sh (?)$ MATCH ()-[r]-() return count(r);
+----------+
| count(r) |
+----------+
| 64062508 |
+----------+
1 row
919449 ms
我有6.6M交易节点。当我尝试搜索金额超过8,000美元的交易时,查询也需要653,637毫秒。
neo4j-sh (?)$ MATCH (t:Transaction) WHERE t.amount > 8000.00 return count(t);
+----------+
| count(t) |
+----------+
| 10696 |
+----------+
1 row
653637 ms
相关架构
ON :Transaction(baseamount) ONLINE
ON :Transaction(type) ONLINE
ON :Transaction(amount) ONLINE
ON :Transaction(currency) ONLINE
ON :Transaction(basecurrency) ONLINE
ON :Transaction(transactionid) ONLINE (for uniqueness constraint)
查询个人资料:
neo4j-sh (?)$ PROFILE MATCH (t:Transaction) WHERE t.amount > 8000.00 return count(t);
+----------+
| count(t) |
+----------+
| 10696 |
+----------+
1 row
ColumnFilter
|
+EagerAggregation
|
+Filter
|
+NodeByLabel
+------------------+---------+----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| Operator | Rows | DbHits | Identifiers | Other |
+------------------+---------+----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
| ColumnFilter | 1 | 0 | | keep columns count(t) |
| EagerAggregation | 1 | 0 | | |
| Filter | 10696 | 13216382 | | Property(t,amount(62)) > { AUTODOUBLE0} |
| NodeByLabel | 6608191 | 6608192 | t, t | :Transaction |
+------------------+---------+----------+-------------+------------------------------------------+
我在neo4j shell中运行它们。
这里的性能挑战开始对我是否能够使用Neo4J产生实质性怀疑,并且看起来与平台提供的潜力相反。
我完全承认我可能错误配置了一些东西(我对Neo4J来说相对较新),因此非常感谢有关修复内容或查看内容的指导。
以下是我的设置细节:
系统:Linux,Ubuntu,16GB内存,3.5 i5 Proc,256GB SSD HD
CPU
$ cat /proc/cpuinfo
processor : 0
vendor_id : GenuineIntel
cpu family : 6
model : 60
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i5-4690K CPU @ 3.50GHz
stepping : 3
microcode : 0x12
cpu MHz : 4230.625
cache size : 6144 KB
内存
$ cat /proc/meminfo
MemTotal: 16115020 kB
MemFree: 224856 kB
MemAvailable: 8807160 kB
Buffers: 124356 kB
Cached: 8429964 kB
SwapCached: 8388 kB
磁盘
$ df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/data1--vg-root 219G 32G 177G 16% /
Neo4J.properties
neostore.nodestore.db.mapped_memory=200M
neostore.relationshipstore.db.mapped_memory=1G
neostore.relationshipgroupstore.db.mapped_memory=200M
neostore.propertystore.db.mapped_memory=500M
neostore.propertystore.db.strings.mapped_memory=500M
neostore.propertystore.db.arrays.mapped_memory=50M
neostore.propertystore.db.index.keys.mapped_memory=200M
relationship_auto_indexing=true
Neo4J-Wrapper.properties
wrapper.java.additional=-Dorg.neo4j.server.properties=conf/neo4j-server.properties
wrapper.java.additional=-Djava.util.logging.config.file=conf/logging.properties
wrapper.java.additional=-Dlog4j.configuration=file:conf/log4j.properties
#********************************************************************
# JVM Parameters
#********************************************************************
wrapper.java.additional=-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC
wrapper.java.additional=-XX:+CMSClassUnloadingEnabled
wrapper.java.additional=-XX:-OmitStackTraceInFastThrow
# Uncomment the following lines to enable garbage collection logging
wrapper.java.additional=-Xloggc:data/log/neo4j-gc.log
wrapper.java.additional=-XX:+PrintGCDetails
wrapper.java.additional=-XX:+PrintGCDateStamps
wrapper.java.additional=-XX:+PrintGCApplicationStoppedTime
wrapper.java.additional=-XX:+PrintPromotionFailure
wrapper.java.additional=-XX:+PrintTenuringDistribution
# Java Heap Size: by default the Java heap size is dynamically
# calculated based on available system resources.
# Uncomment these lines to set specific initial and maximum
# heap size in MB.
wrapper.java.initmemory=4096
wrapper.java.maxmemory=6144
其他
将Linux的打开文件设置更改为40k
我没有在这台机器上运行任何其他东西,没有X Windows,没有其他数据库服务器。以下是运行查询时的顶部片段:
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
15785 neo4j 20 0 12.192g 8.964g 2.475g S 100.2 58.3 227:50.98 java
1 root 20 0 33464 2132 1140 S 0.0 0.0 0:02.36 init
2 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.01 kthreadd
graph.db目录中的文件总大小为:
data/graph.db$ du --max-depth=1 -h
1.9G ./schema
36K ./index
26G .
数据加载受到极大影响。一些合并将花费不到60秒(即使是~200到300K插入),而一些合并将持续超过3小时(对于一个日期合并189,999行的CSV文件为11,898,514ms)
我得到了常量GC线程阻塞:
2015-03-27 14:56:26.347+0000 WARN [o.n.k.EmbeddedGraphDatabase]: GC Monitor: Application threads blocked for 15422ms.
2015-03-27 14:56:39.011+0000 WARN [o.n.k.EmbeddedGraphDatabase]: GC Monitor: Application threads blocked for 12363ms.
2015-03-27 14:56:57.533+0000 WARN [o.n.k.EmbeddedGraphDatabase]: GC Monitor: Application threads blocked for 13969ms.
2015-03-27 14:57:17.345+0000 WARN [o.n.k.EmbeddedGraphDatabase]: GC Monitor: Application threads blocked for 14657ms.
2015-03-27 14:57:29.955+0000 WARN [o.n.k.EmbeddedGraphDatabase]: GC Monitor: Application threads blocked for 12309ms.
2015-03-27 14:58:14.311+0000 WARN [o.n.k.EmbeddedGraphDatabase]: GC Monitor: Application threads blocked for 1928ms.
请告诉我是否应该添加其他对讨论更为重要的内容
更新1
非常感谢你的帮助,我感动,所以我迟迟没有回复。
Neostore文件的大小:
/data/graph.db$ ls -lah neostore.*
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 9 Apr 2 13:03 neostore.id
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 110 Apr 2 13:03 neostore.labeltokenstore.db
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 9 Apr 2 13:03 neostore.labeltokenstore.db.id
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 874 Apr 2 13:03 neostore.labeltokenstore.db.names
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 9 Apr 2 13:03 neostore.labeltokenstore.db.names.id
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 200M Apr 2 13:03 neostore.nodestore.db
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 41 Apr 2 13:03 neostore.nodestore.db.id
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 68 Apr 2 13:03 neostore.nodestore.db.labels
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 9 Apr 2 13:03 neostore.nodestore.db.labels.id
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 2.8G Apr 2 13:03 neostore.propertystore.db
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 128 Apr 2 13:03 neostore.propertystore.db.arrays
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 9 Apr 2 13:03 neostore.propertystore.db.arrays.id
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 9 Apr 2 13:03 neostore.propertystore.db.id
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 720 Apr 2 13:03 neostore.propertystore.db.index
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 9 Apr 2 13:03 neostore.propertystore.db.index.id
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 3.1K Apr 2 13:03 neostore.propertystore.db.index.keys
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 9 Apr 2 13:03 neostore.propertystore.db.index.keys.id
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 1.7K Apr 2 13:03 neostore.propertystore.db.strings
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 9 Apr 2 13:03 neostore.propertystore.db.strings.id
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 47M Apr 2 13:03 neostore.relationshipgroupstore.db
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 9 Apr 2 13:03 neostore.relationshipgroupstore.db.id
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 1.1G Apr 2 13:03 neostore.relationshipstore.db
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 1.6M Apr 2 13:03 neostore.relationshipstore.db.id
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 165 Apr 2 13:03 neostore.relationshiptypestore.db
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 9 Apr 2 13:03 neostore.relationshiptypestore.db.id
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 1.3K Apr 2 13:03 neostore.relationshiptypestore.db.names
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 9 Apr 2 13:03 neostore.relationshiptypestore.db.names.id
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 3.5K Apr 2 13:03 neostore.schemastore.db
-rw-rw-r-- 1 neo4j neo4j 25 Apr 2 13:03 neostore.schemastore.db.id
我读到映射的内存设置被另一个缓存替换,我已经注释掉了这些设置。
Java Profiler
JvmTop 0.8.0 alpha - 16:12:59, amd64, 4 cpus, Linux 3.16.0-33, load avg 0.30
http://code.google.com/p/jvmtop
Profiling PID 4260: org.neo4j.server.Bootstrapper
68.67% ( 14.01s) org.neo4j.kernel.impl.nioneo.store.StoreFileChannel.read()
18.73% ( 3.82s) org.neo4j.kernel.impl.nioneo.store.StoreFailureException.<init>()
2.86% ( 0.58s) org.neo4j.kernel.impl.cache.ReferenceCache.put()
1.11% ( 0.23s) org.neo4j.helpers.Counter.inc()
0.87% ( 0.18s) org.neo4j.kernel.impl.cache.ReferenceCache.get()
0.65% ( 0.13s) org.neo4j.cypher.internal.compiler.v2_1.parser.Literals$class.PropertyKeyName()
0.63% ( 0.13s) org.parboiled.scala.package$.getCurrentRuleMethod()
0.62% ( 0.13s) scala.collection.mutable.OpenHashMap.<init>()
0.62% ( 0.13s) scala.collection.mutable.AbstractSeq.<init>()
0.62% ( 0.13s) org.neo4j.kernel.impl.cache.AutoLoadingCache.get()
0.61% ( 0.13s) scala.collection.TraversableLike$$anonfun$map$1.apply()
0.61% ( 0.12s) org.neo4j.kernel.impl.transaction.TxManager.assertTmOk()
0.61% ( 0.12s) org.neo4j.cypher.internal.compiler.v2_1.commands.EntityProducerFactory.<init>()
0.61% ( 0.12s) scala.collection.AbstractTraversable.<init>()
0.61% ( 0.12s) scala.collection.immutable.List.toStream()
0.60% ( 0.12s) org.neo4j.kernel.impl.nioneo.store.NodeStore.getRecord()
0.57% ( 0.12s) org.neo4j.kernel.impl.transaction.TxManager.getTransaction()
0.37% ( 0.08s) org.parboiled.scala.Parser$class.rule()
0.06% ( 0.01s) scala.util.DynamicVariable.value()
答案 0 :(得分:2)
不幸的是,架构索引(也就是那些使用CREATE INDEX ON :Label(property)
创建的索引)还不支持大于/小于条件。因此,Neo4j回退到使用给定标签扫描所有节点并过滤其属性。这当然很贵。
我确实看到了两种不同的解决方法:
1)如果您的条件始终具有预定义的最大粒度,例如10美元,您可以建立一个&#34;金额树&#34;类似于时间树(见http://graphaware.com/neo4j/2014/08/20/graphaware-neo4j-timetree.html)。
2)如果您事先不知道粒度,则另一个选项是为amount属性设置手动或自动索引,请参阅http://neo4j.com/docs/stable/indexing.html。最容易的事情可能是使用自动索引。在neo4j.properties
中设置以下选项:
node_auto_indexing=true
node_keys_indexable=amount
请注意,这不会自动将所有现有事务添加到该索引中,它只是将那些已经写入索引的那些放入自启用自动索引之后。
您可以使用
对自动索引进行显式范围查询MATCH t=node:node_auto_index("amount:[6000 TO 999999999]")
RETURN count(t)