如何通过JUnit测试拦截SLF4J(带有logback)日志记录?

时间:2015-03-16 12:36:21

标签: java junit slf4j logback

是否有可能以某种方式拦截日志记录(SLF4J + logback)并通过JUnit测试用例获取InputStream(或其他可读的内容)......?

8 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:23)

您可以创建自定义附加程序

public class TestAppender extends AppenderBase<LoggingEvent> {
    static List<LoggingEvent> events = new ArrayList<>();

    @Override
    protected void append(LoggingEvent e) {
        events.add(e);
    }
}

并配置logback-test.xml以使用它。现在我们可以从测试中检查记录事件:

@Test
public void test() {
    ...
    Assert.assertEquals(1, TestAppender.events.size());
    ...
}

答案 1 :(得分:13)

Slf4j API没有提供这种方法,但是Logback提供了一种简单的解决方案。

您可以使用ListAppender:一个白盒回传追加器,其中在public List字段中添加了日志条目,我们可以使用该条目进行断言。

这是一个简单的例子。

Foo类:

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class Foo {

    static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Foo .class);

    public void doThat() {
        logger.info("start");
        //...
        logger.info("finish");
    }
}

FooTest类:

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import ch.qos.logback.classic.Level;
import ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger;
import ch.qos.logback.classic.spi.ILoggingEvent;
import ch.qos.logback.core.read.ListAppender;

public class FooTest {

    @Test
    void doThat() throws Exception {
        // get Logback Logger 
        Logger fooLogger = (Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger(Foo.class);

        // create and start a ListAppender
        ListAppender<ILoggingEvent> listAppender = new ListAppender<>();
        listAppender.start();

        // add the appender to the logger
        fooLogger.addAppender(listAppender);

        // call method under test
        Foo foo = new Foo();
        foo.doThat();

        // JUnit assertions
        List<ILoggingEvent> logsList = listAppender.list;
        assertEquals("start", logsList.get(0)
                                      .getMessage());
        assertEquals(Level.INFO, logsList.get(0)
                                         .getLevel());

        assertEquals("finish", logsList.get(1)
                                       .getMessage());
        assertEquals(Level.INFO, logsList.get(1)
                                         .getLevel());
    }
}

您还可以将Matcher / assertion库用作AssertJ或Hamcrest。

使用AssertJ,它将是:

import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;

Assertions.assertThat(listAppender.list)
          .extracting(ILoggingEvent::getMessage, ILoggingEvent::getLevel)
          .containsExactly(Tuple.tuple("start", Level.INFO), Tuple.tuple("finish", Level.INFO));

答案 2 :(得分:11)

您可以使用http://projects.lidalia.org.uk/slf4j-test/中的slf4j-test。 它通过它自己的slf4j api实现替换了整个logback slf4j实现,并提供了一个api来对记录事件进行断言。

示例:

<build>
  <plugins>
    <plugin>
      <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
      <configuration>
        <classpathDependencyExcludes>
          <classpathDependencyExcludes>ch.qos.logback:logback-classic</classpathDependencyExcludes>
        </classpathDependencyExcludes>
      </configuration>
    </plugin>
  </plugins>
</build>

public class Slf4jUser {

    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Slf4jUser.class);

    public void aMethodThatLogs() {
        logger.info("Hello World!");
    }
}

public class Slf4jUserTest {

    Slf4jUser slf4jUser = new Slf4jUser();
    TestLogger logger = TestLoggerFactory.getTestLogger(Slf4jUser.class);

    @Test
    public void aMethodThatLogsLogsAsExpected() {
        slf4jUser.aMethodThatLogs();

        assertThat(logger.getLoggingEvents(), is(asList(info("Hello World!"))));
    }

    @After
    public void clearLoggers() {
        TestLoggerFactory.clear();
    }
}

答案 3 :(得分:3)

尽管创建自定义的logback附加程序是一个很好的解决方案,但这只是第一步,您最终将最终开发/重新发明slf4j-test,而如果进一步,您将进一步开发:spf4j-slf4j-test或其他我还不知道的框架。

您最终将需要担心内存中保留了多少事件,在记录错误(且未声明错误)时使单元测试失败,使测试失败时可以使用调试日志,等等...

免责声明:我是spf4j-slf4j-test的作者,我写了此后端,以便能够更好地测试spf4j,在这里可以查看有关如何使用spf4j-slf4j-的示例。测试。我获得的主要优点之一是减少了构建输出(这是Travis所限制的),同时仍然具有发生故障时所需的所有细节。

答案 4 :(得分:2)

我在测试日志行时遇到了问题: LOGGER.error(消息,例外)

http://projects.lidalia.org.uk/slf4j-test/中描述的解决方案也尝试在异常上断言,并且重新创建堆栈跟踪并不容易(在我看来毫无价值)。

我以这种方式解决了:

import org.junit.Test;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import uk.org.lidalia.slf4jext.LoggerFactory;
import uk.org.lidalia.slf4jtest.TestLogger;
import uk.org.lidalia.slf4jtest.TestLoggerFactory;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
import static org.assertj.core.groups.Tuple.tuple;
import static uk.org.lidalia.slf4jext.Level.ERROR;
import static uk.org.lidalia.slf4jext.Level.INFO;


public class Slf4jLoggerTest {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Slf4jLoggerTest.class);


    private void methodUnderTestInSomeClassInProductionCode() {
        LOGGER.info("info message");
        LOGGER.error("error message");
        LOGGER.error("error message with exception", new RuntimeException("this part is not tested"));
    }





    private static final TestLogger TEST_LOGGER = TestLoggerFactory.getTestLogger(Slf4jLoggerTest.class);

    @Test
    public void testForMethod() throws Exception {
        // when
        methodUnderTestInSomeClassInProductionCode();

        // then
        assertThat(TEST_LOGGER.getLoggingEvents()).extracting("level", "message").contains(
                tuple(INFO, "info message"),
                tuple(ERROR, "error message"),
                tuple(ERROR, "error message with exception")
        );
    }

}

这也是不依赖 Hamcrest matchers 库的优势。

答案 5 :(得分:1)

我建议使用一个简单,可重用的间谍实现,该实现可以作为JUnit规则包含在测试中:

[_ngContent-C0-myApp]

在测试中,您可以通过以下方式激活间谍:

public final class LogSpy extends ExternalResource {

    private Logger logger;
    private ListAppender<ILoggingEvent> appender;

    @Override
    protected void before() {
        appender = new ListAppender<>();
        logger = (Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger(Logger.ROOT_LOGGER_NAME); // cast from facade (SLF4J) to implementation class (logback)
        logger.addAppender(appender);
        appender.start();
    }

    @Override
    protected void after() {
        logger.detachAppender(appender);
    }

    public List<ILoggingEvent> getEvents() {
        if (appender == null) {
            throw new UnexpectedTestError("LogSpy needs to be annotated with @Rule");
        }
        return appender.list;
    }
}

调用@Rule public LogSpy log = new LogSpy(); (或其他自定义方法)以检查记录的事件。

答案 6 :(得分:1)

使用JUnit5 + AssertJ

private ListAppender<ILoggingEvent> logWatcher;

@BeforeEach
void setup() {
  this.logWatcher = new ListAppender<>();
  this.logWatcher.start();
  ((Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyClass.class)).addAppender(this.logWatcher);
}


@Test
void myMethod_logs2Messages() {

  ...
  int logSize = logWatcher.list.size();
  assertThat(logWatcher.list.get(logSize - 2).getFormattedMessage()).contains("EXPECTED MSG 1");
  assertThat(logWatcher.list.get(logSize - 1).getFormattedMessage()).contains("EXPECTED MSG 2");
}

功劳:@davidxxx的答案。参见import ch.qos.logback...详细信息:https://stackoverflow.com/a/52229629/601844

答案 7 :(得分:0)

一个简单的解决方案可能是使用Mockito模拟附加器(例如)

MyClass.java

@Slf4j
class MyClass {
    public void doSomething() {
        log.info("I'm on it!");
    }
}

MyClassTest.java

import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsString;
import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.is;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;         

@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class MyClassTest {    

    @Mock private Appender<ILoggingEvent> mockAppender;
    private MyClass sut = new MyClass();    

    @Before
    public void setUp() {
        Logger logger = (Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyClass.class.getName());
        logger.addAppender(mockAppender);
    }

    @Test
    public void shouldLogInCaseOfError() {
        sut.doSomething();

        verify(mockAppender).doAppend(ArgumentMatchers.argThat(argument -> {
            assertThat(argument.getMessage(), containsString("I'm on it!"));
            assertThat(argument.getLevel(), is(Level.INFO));
            return true;
        }));

    }

}

注意:我使用断言而不是返回false作为make代码和(可能)错误更易于阅读。