以下程序的定义行为是什么?
#include <iostream>
#include <exception>
#include <cstdlib>
void i_throw()
{
std::cout << "i_throw()" << std::endl;
// std::terminate() is noexcept so if the terminate handler throws...
// then the terminate handler is called...
// std::terminate is [[noreturn]] so don't return
try
{
throw 7;
}
catch(...)
{
std::cout << "caught exception, re-throw()-ing" << std::endl;
throw;
}
std::cout << "got here!" << std::endl;
std::abort();
}
int main()
{
std::set_terminate(i_throw);
throw;
std::terminate();
}
使用gcc和clang我得到以下输出:
i_throw()
caught exception, re-throw()-ing
Aborted (core dumped)
在前几条评论后编辑的示例。
(我不知道为什么我同时拥有throw;
和std::terminate();
。我不想改变这个例子,所以只假装其中只有一个在那里。)
答案 0 :(得分:2)
上述问题可以归结为理解以下两个代码段的行为。
示例1:抛出没有活动异常
int main()
{
try{
throw;
}catch(...){
std::cout<<"caught"<<endl; //we never reach here
}
return 0;
}
如果您运行上面的代码,它将崩溃如下
terminate called without an active exception
Aborted (core dumped)
示例2:抛出活动异常
int main()
{
try{
throw 7;
}catch(...){
std::cout<<"caught"<<endl; //will be caught
}
return 0;
}
运行它可以提供可预测的输出
caught
如果生成代码的程序集(g++ -S option
)。你会注意到以下cxx_abi调用throw vs throw 7
throw;
转换为call __cxa_rethrow
和
throw 7;
转换为call __cxa_throw
以下是__cxa_throw
extern "C" void
__cxxabiv1::__cxa_throw (void *obj, std::type_info *tinfo,
void (_GLIBCXX_CDTOR_CALLABI *dest) (void *))
{
PROBE2 (throw, obj, tinfo);
__cxa_eh_globals *globals = __cxa_get_globals ();
globals->uncaughtExceptions += 1;
// code removed for brevity
//.......
// Below code throws an exception to be caught by caller
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_SJLJ_EXCEPTIONS
_Unwind_SjLj_RaiseException (&header->exc.unwindHeader);
#else
_Unwind_RaiseException (&header->exc.unwindHeader);
#endif
// Some sort of unwinding error. Note that terminate is a handler.
__cxa_begin_catch (&header->exc.unwindHeader);
std::terminate ();
}
因此,在OP代码中throw 7;
会被相应的catch(...)
捕获,并会被throw;
以下是__cxa__rethrow
extern "C" void
__cxxabiv1::__cxa_rethrow ()
{
__cxa_eh_globals *globals = __cxa_get_globals ();
__cxa_exception *header = globals->caughtExceptions; // We are not re
globals->uncaughtExceptions += 1;
// Watch for luser rethrowing with no active exception.
if (header)
{
// Code removed for brevity
// .....
// Below code rethrows the exception
#ifdef _GLIBCXX_SJLJ_EXCEPTIONS
_Unwind_SjLj_Resume_or_Rethrow (&header->unwindHeader);
#else
#if defined(_LIBUNWIND_STD_ABI)
_Unwind_RaiseException (&header->unwindHeader);
#else
_Unwind_Resume_or_Rethrow (&header->unwindHeader);
#endif
#endif
}
std::terminate ();
}
在这两种情况下,我们都可以看到std::terminate()
尚未调用__cxx_*
。在被上面的abi抛出后,我们在代码中的以下位置。
请参阅cxx_abi以终止代码。
void
__cxxabiv1::__terminate (std::terminate_handler handler) throw ()
{
__try
{
handler (); // Our handler has thrown an int exception
std::abort ();
}
__catch(...) // Exception is caught here and process is aborted.
{ std::abort (); }
}
void
std::terminate () throw()
{
__terminate (get_terminate ());
}
<强>摘要强>
根据我的理解,从处理程序重新抛出异常会导致在__cxxabiv1::__terminate
中捕获重新抛出的异常。它呼叫abort()
的地方。显然,std::terminate()
[来自__cxa_rethrow]方法没有出现在图片中,这就是控件从未到达的原因std::cout << "got here!" << std::endl;
无限递归
如果我们将terminate_handler更改为以下内容会发生什么:
void i_throw()
{
std::cout << "i_throw()" << std::endl;
throw;
std::cout << "got here!" << std::endl;
std::abort();
}
要理解这一点,我们可以查看上面提到的__cxa_rethrow()
。
因为,没有抛出的活动异常,__cxa_rethrow()
将最终调用std::terminate()
,从而导致无限递归。