Python中函数的彩色网格图

Question

我正在尝试绘制这样的行波的彩色网格图（只是忽略灰色背景）：

我正在查看How to obtain 3D colored surface via Python?中显示的示例，但我不确定如何根据我的函数z调整它：

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d, art3d
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import matplotlib as mpl

fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

X = T = np.arange(0,10,0.1)
z = np.array([np.cos(2*np.pi*(x/3.0-t/6.0)) for x,t in zip(np.ravel(X), np.ravel(T))])
Z = z.reshape(X.shape)
#X, Y, Z = axes3d.get_test_data(0.05)
wire = ax.plot_wireframe(X, T, Z, rstride=10, cstride=10)


# Retrive data from internal storage of plot_wireframe, then delete it
nx, nt, _  = np.shape(wire._segments3d)
wire_x = np.array(wire._segments3d)[:, :, 0].ravel()
wire_t = np.array(wire._segments3d)[:, :, 1].ravel()
wire_z = np.array(wire._segments3d)[:, :, 2].ravel()
wire.remove()

# create data for a LineCollection
wire_x1 = np.vstack([wire_x, np.roll(wire_x, 1)])
wire_t1 = np.vstack([wire_t, np.roll(wire_t, 1)])
wire_z1 = np.vstack([wire_z, np.roll(wire_z, 1)])
to_delete = np.arange(0, nx*ny, ny)
wire_x1 = np.delete(wire_x1, to_delete, axis=1)
wire_t1 = np.delete(wire_t1, to_delete, axis=1)
wire_z1 = np.delete(wire_z1, to_delete, axis=1)
scalars = np.delete(wire_z, to_delete)

segs = [list(zip(xl, tl, zl)) for xl, tl, zl in \
                 zip(wire_x1.T, wire_t1.T, wire_z1.T)]

# Plots the wireframe by a  a line3DCollection
my_wire = art3d.Line3DCollection(segs, cmap="hsv")
my_wire.set_array(scalars)
ax.add_collection(my_wire)

ax.set_title(r'Travelling wave , $z=f(x,t)=\cos(2\pi(x/3-t/6))$')
ax.set_xlabel(r'$x$', fontsize=16)
ax.set_ylabel(r'$t_0$', fontsize=16)
ax.set_zlabel(r'$z$', fontsize=16)

plt.show()

Answer 1

np.meshgrid()是你的朋友：

from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import axes3d, art3d
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np


fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')

x, t = np.arange(0,10,0.1), np.arange(0,10,0.1)
X, T = np.meshgrid(x, t)  # generate two 100x100 arrays
Z = np.cos(2*np.pi*(X/3.0 - T/6.0))


wire = ax.plot_wireframe(X, T, Z, rstride=10, cstride=10)

# Retrive data from internal storage of plot_wireframe, then delete it
nx, ny, _  = np.shape(wire._segments3d)
wire_x = np.array(wire._segments3d)[:, :, 0].ravel()
wire_y = np.array(wire._segments3d)[:, :, 1].ravel()
wire_z = np.array(wire._segments3d)[:, :, 2].ravel()
wire.remove()

# create data for a LineCollection
wire_x1 = np.vstack([wire_x, np.roll(wire_x, 1)])
wire_y1 = np.vstack([wire_y, np.roll(wire_y, 1)])
wire_z1 = np.vstack([wire_z, np.roll(wire_z, 1)])
to_delete = np.arange(0, nx*ny, ny)
wire_x1 = np.delete(wire_x1, to_delete, axis=1)
wire_y1 = np.delete(wire_y1, to_delete, axis=1)
wire_z1 = np.delete(wire_z1, to_delete, axis=1)
scalars = np.delete(wire_z, to_delete)

segs = [list(zip(xl, yl, zl)) for xl, yl, zl in \
                 zip(wire_x1.T, wire_y1.T, wire_z1.T)]

# Plots the wireframe by a  a line3DCollection
my_wire = art3d.Line3DCollection(segs, cmap="hsv")
my_wire.set_array(scalars)
ax.add_collection(my_wire)

plt.colorbar(my_wire)


#cl1 = fig.colorbar(pl1)
#cl1.set_label("$z$-axis")
fig.suptitle(r'Travelling wave $z=f(x,t)=\cos(2\pi(x/3-t/6))$')
ax.set_xlabel(r'$x$', fontsize=16)
ax.set_ylabel(r'$t_0$', fontsize=16)
ax.set_zlabel(r'$z$', fontsize=16)

fig.canvas.draw()
plt.show()

结果为。