我想保存一个气候文件，这样每次我需要计算异常时，我都不必再运行气候学脚本（而且需要花费很多时间！）。 这些文件显然是以这种方式“CODEYYYYMMTTTT”：
hgap1981040000.nc
hgap1981040600.nc
hgap1981041200.nc
hgap1981041800.nc
我尝试使用下面的脚本将气候平均值（从netcdf计算）保存到netcdf文件中，但我收到了错误。
from pylab import *
import netCDF4 as nc
import numpy as np
u_2a=[]
v_2a=[]
w_2a=[]
u_2m=[]
v_2m=[]
w_2m=[]
#function to calculate mean values (this case, Apr-May only)
def mon(mo):
for yr in range (1981,1984,1):
dir_erai = '~/era-in/netc/monthly_means/{}/hgap{}{}????.nc'.format(yr,yr,mo)
print yr
f = nc.MFDataset(dir_erai)
uwnd = f.variables['U']
vwnd = f.variables['V']
wwnd = f.variables['W']
u_2 = np.mean(uwnd[0:4,:,:,:],axis=0)
v_2 = np.mean(vwnd[0:4,:,:,:],axis=0)
w_2 = np.mean(vwnd[0:4,:,:,:],axis=0)
f.close()
u_2a.append(u_2)
v_2a.append(v_2)
w_2a.append(w_2)
u_2m=np.mean(u_2a,axis=0)
v_2m=np.mean(v_2a,axis=0)
w_2m=np.mean(w_2a,axis=0)
return u_2m,v_2m,w_2m
uapr,vapr,wapr = mon('04')
umay,vmay,wmay = mon('05')
uAM = np.mean([uapr,umay],axis=0)
vAM = np.mean([vapr,vmay],axis=0)
wAM = np.mean([wapr,wmay],axis=0)
root_grp = Dataset('climatology_test.nc', 'w', format='NETCDF4')
root_grp.description = 'Example climatology winds UVW'
# dimensions
root_grp.createDimension('time', None)
root_grp.createDimension('lev', 37)
root_grp.createDimension('lat', 256)
root_grp.createDimension('lon', 512)
# variables
times = root_grp.createVariable('time', 'f8', ('time',))
levels = root_grp.createVariable('level', 'f4', ('lev',))
latitudes = root_grp.createVariable('latitude', 'f4', ('lat',))
longitudes = root_grp.createVariable('longitude', 'f4', ('lon',))
U1 = root_grp.createVariable('U1', 'f4', ('time', 'lev', 'lat', 'lon',))
V1 = root_grp.createVariable('V1', 'f4', ('time', 'lev', 'lat', 'lon',))
W1 = root_grp.createVariable('W1', 'f4', ('time', 'lev', 'lat', 'lon',))
# data
levs = [1000.,975.,950.,925.,900.,875.,850.,825.,800.,775.,750.,700.,650.,600.,550.,500.,450.,400.,350.,300.,250.,200.,175.,150.,125.,100.,70.,50.,30.,20.,10.,7.,5.,3.,2.,1.,0]
lats = np.arange(-89.5, 89.5, 0.70)
lons = np.arange(0., 358.4, 0.70)
levels[:] = levs
latitudes[:] = lats
longitudes[:] = lons
uAM[:,:,:,:] = np.random.uniform(size=(len(levs), len(lats), len(lons)))
vAM[:,:,:,:] = np.random.uniform(size=(len(levs), len(lats), len(lons)))
wAM[:,:,:,:] = np.random.uniform(size=(len(levs), len(lats), len(lons)))
root_grp.close()
和错误：
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "era_uv_climatology.py", line 99, in <module>
uAM[:,:,:,:] = np.random.uniform(size=(len(levs), len(lats), len(lons)))
IndexError: too many indices
我确实改变了
uAM[:,:,:,:] = np.random.uniform(size=(len(levs), len(lats), len(lons)))
vAM[:,:,:,:] = np.random.uniform(size=(len(levs), len(lats), len(lons)))
wAM[:,:,:,:] = np.random.uniform(size=(len(levs), len(lats), len(lons)))
到
U1 = uAM
V1 = vAM
W1 = wAM
我得到一个错误且空的netCDF文件，所有风值等于零，错误的lon-lat范围（1,2,3，...，256）和（1,2,3 ... 。，512）。
平均方法或赋值是错误的吗？或两者兼而有之？
答案 0 :(得分：2)
第一段代码，
uAM[:,:,:,:] = np.random.uniform(size=(len(levs), len(lats), len(lons)))
vAM[:,:,:,:] = np.random.uniform(size=(len(levs), len(lats), len(lons)))
wAM[:,:,:,:] = np.random.uniform(size=(len(levs), len(lats), len(lons)))
给出了这个错误，因为随机统一的形状与netcdf变量不一样。请改为尝试。
uAM[0,:,:,:] = np.random.uniform(size=(len(levs), len(lats), len(lons)))
vAM[0,:,:,:] = np.random.uniform(size=(len(levs), len(lats), len(lons)))
wAM[0,:,:,:] = np.random.uniform(size=(len(levs), len(lats), len(lons)))
你最后用close方法关闭了气候学文件吗？
答案 1 :(得分：2)
除了缺少close()调用之外，您还没有将值写入变量。为此：
U1[:] = uAM
V1[:] = vAM
W1[:] = wAM
在Python中将一个变量设置为另一个变量时，如：
U1 = uAM
您只是更改U1引用的名称（点数） - 您实际上并没有更改U1指向的 对象的任何内容。因此，对于您的脚本，您重置U1以指向数据数组，并且您将丢失对您创建的NetCDF变量的引用。
答案 2 :(得分：1)
经过一些建议并重新开始编码后，我设法通过下面的脚本获得了预期的结果。但是，如何将 lon 和 lat 值分别粘贴到 0到360 和 90到-90 ，仍然是一个谜。
import netCDF4 as nc
from netCDF4 import *
import numpy as np
import time
from numpy.random import uniform
u_2a=[]
v_2a=[]
w_2a=[]
u_2m=[]
v_2m=[]
w_2m=[]
def mon(mo):
for yr in range (1981,2011,1):
dir_erai = '~/netc/monthly_means/{}/hgap{}{}????.nc'.format(yr,yr,mo)
print yr
f = nc.MFDataset(dir_erai)
uwnd = f.variables['U']
vwnd = f.variables['V']
wwnd = f.variables['W']
u_2 = np.mean(uwnd[0:4,:,:,:],axis=0)
v_2 = np.mean(vwnd[0:4,:,:,:],axis=0)
w_2 = np.mean(vwnd[0:4,:,:,:],axis=0)
f.close()
u_2a.append(u_2)
v_2a.append(v_2)
w_2a.append(w_2)
u_2m=np.mean(u_2a,axis=0)
v_2m=np.mean(v_2a,axis=0)
w_2m=np.mean(w_2a,axis=0)
return u_2m,v_2m,w_2m
uapr,vapr,wapr = mon('04')
umay,vmay,wmay = mon('05')
usep,vsep,wsep = mon('09')
uoct,voct,woct = mon('10')
#creating netcdf
rootgrp = Dataset('climatology_u.nc', 'w', format='NETCDF4')
print rootgrp.data_model
level = rootgrp.createDimension('level',None)
lat = rootgrp.createDimension('lat', 256)
lon = rootgrp.createDimension('lon', 512)
print rootgrp.dimensions
levels = rootgrp.createVariable('level','i4',('level',))
latitudes = rootgrp.createVariable('latitude','f4',('lat',))
longitudes = rootgrp.createVariable('longitude','f4',('lon',))
U1 = rootgrp.createVariable('U1','f4',('level','lat','lon',))
V1 = rootgrp.createVariable('V1','f4',('level','lat','lon',))
W1 = rootgrp.createVariable('W1','f4',('level','lat','lon',))
rootgrp.description = 'Create UVW climatology'
rootgrp.source = 'netCDF4 python module tutorial'
latitudes.units = 'degrees north'
longitudes.units = 'degrees east'
levels.units = 'hPa'
U1.units = 'm/s'
V1.units = 'm/s'
W1.units = 'm/s'
lats = np.arange(-89.5, 89.5, 0.70)
lons = np.arange(0., 358.4, 0.70)
latitudes[:]=lats[::-1] #this probably doesn't matter
longitudes[:]=lons
nlats = len(rootgrp.dimensions['lat'])
nlons = len(rootgrp.dimensions['lon'])
print 'U1 shape before adding data = ',U1.shape
U1[0:37,:,:] = uniform(size=(37,nlats,nlons))
V1[0:37,:,:] = uniform(size=(37,nlats,nlons))
W1[0:37,:,:] = uniform(size=(37,nlats,nlons))
print 'U1 shape after adding data = ',U1.shape
levels[:] = [1000.,975.,950.,925.,900.,875.,850.,825.,800.,775.,750.,700.,650.,600.,550.,500.,450.,400.,350.,300.,250.,200.,175.,150.,125.,100.,70.,50.,30.,20.,10.,7.,5.,3.,2.,1.,0]
U1[:,:,:]=uapr[:,::-1,:] # without "::-1", the data is upside down,sth to do with source dataset
V1[:,:,:]=vapr[:,::-1,:]
W1[:,:,:]=wapr[:,::-1,:]
rootgrp.close()