我正在创建一个简单的类 Person ,它继承自抽象类 Object 。我正处于我正在学习深层复制的部分,但我似乎无法使用这段简单的代码:
Person.h
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#ifndef _PERSON_H_
#define _PERSON_H_
using namespace std;
class Object {
protected:
//This pure virtual func. sends appropriate ostream
//to operator<<'s override. Must be implemented in each
//derived class accordingly.
virtual void print(std::ostream&) const =0;
public:
//Override ostream operator.
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Object& obj);
friend ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Object* obj);
virtual ~Object();
};
class Person : public Object {
private:
char* m_name;
virtual void print(std::ostream& os) const;
Person(); //What's your default name?
public:
Person(char* name);
Person(const Person& p);
Person& operator=(const Person &rhs);
virtual ~Person();
};
#endif // _PERSON_H_
Person.cpp
#include "Person.h"
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Object& obj) {
obj.print(os);
return os;
}
ostream& operator<<(ostream& os, const Object* obj) {
obj->print(os);
return os;
}
Object::~Object() { };
//Standard ctor
Person::Person(char* name) {
m_name = new char[strlen(name)];
strncpy(m_name, name, strlen(name));
}
//Copy ctor
Person::Person(const Person& p) {
m_name = new char[strlen(p.m_name)];
strncpy(m_name, p.m_name, strlen(p.m_name));
}
//dtor
Person::~Person() {
delete [] m_name;
}
//operator= overload
Person& Person::operator=(const Person &rhs) {
if (this == &rhs) return * this; //Self copy check.
delete [] m_name;
m_name = new char[strlen(rhs.m_name)];
strncpy(m_name, rhs.m_name, strlen(rhs.m_name));
return * this;
}
//private
void Person::print(std::ostream& os) const{
os << m_name;
}
int main() {
//Person p1("Anis");
//Person p2("Bassam");
Person * p1 = new Person("Anis");
Person * p2 = new Person("Bassam");
p1 = p2;
delete p1;
delete p2;
return 0;
}
输出:
a.out(4839,0x7fff7420b300) malloc: *** error for object 0x7f914b404ad0: pointer being freed was not allocated
gdb bt:
#0 0x00007fff8d7b2282 in __pthread_kill ()
#1 0x00007fff8b5fd4c3 in pthread_kill ()
#2 0x00007fff8e528b73 in abort ()
#3 0x00007fff83739937 in free ()
#4 0x0000000100000b51 in Person::~Person (this=0x1001048e0) at Person.cc:29
#5 0x0000000100000b85 in Person::~Person (this=0x1001048e0) at Person.cc:28
#6 0x0000000100000ba8 in Person::~Person (this=0x1001048e0) at Person.cc:28
#7 0x0000000100000e46 in main () at Person.cc:54
根据 gdb ,程序在 delete p2; 上崩溃。在书中他们警告我们这种情况,所以我按照他们提供的修复,这是重载 operator = 并确保有复制ctor。 我错过了什么?提前谢谢。
P.S。我目前只对深层复制问题感兴趣。模板和泛型将在后面的章节中介绍。
答案 0 :(得分:3)
在p1=p2
之后,两个变量都指向同一个对象。 delete p1
删除此对象。因此delete p2
会再次尝试删除此对象。
当您指定指针而不是对象时,Operator =无法帮助您。你可能想要*p1 = *p2
。
答案 1 :(得分:2)
可能存在其他错误,但至少在strlen
上m_name
或os << m_name;
上调用m_name = new char[strlen(name)];
时,您会有未定义的行为,因为您没有预留足够的空间对于以null结尾的字符串。这种分配是错误的:
m_name = new char[strlen(name) + 1];
你需要
{{1}}
允许空终止符。您还必须确保设置了空终止。
答案 2 :(得分:2)
你认为这一行使用你的Person :: operator = function吗?它没有。这一行处理对象的指针而不是对象本身(即,这是简单的指针赋值)。
p1 = p2;
以下行将调用您的Person :: operator = function。
*p1 = *p2;
我不确定你收到错误的原因。我猜想你会收到一些关于双重免费/删除的内容。