关于递归函数的记事

时间:2015-01-20 15:35:25

标签: r recursion memoization memoise

简介

我有一个函数将日期作为输入,在一段时间内进行一些计算 - 由Sys.sleep()表示 - 删除日期中的所有'-'并返回一个字符:

library(maggritr)

auxialiaryCompute = function(vDate)
{
    Sys.sleep(1)
    vDate %>% as.character %>% gsub("-", "", .)
}

> auxialiaryCompute(as.Date("2015-01-14"))
[1] "20150114"

冷却。上面的输出是'20150114'。现在我想在此函数中包含先前的输出。或前两天,或n之前的输出,直到过去的有限日期loopBackMaxDate

粗略递归

这是一个可能的递归代码:

compute = function(vDate, loopBackMaxDate=vDate, loopBackDays=0)
{
    d = as.Date # short alias

    dates = Filter(function(x) x>d(loopBackMaxDate), 
                   getPreviousDates(loopBackDays, d(vDate))) 

    if(length(dates)==0)
        return(auxialiaryCompute(vDate=vDate, previousOutputs=list()))

    previousOutputs = lapply(dates, function(u) compute(u, loopBackMaxDate, loopBackDays))

    auxialiaryCompute(vDate=vDate, previousOutputs=previousOutputs)
}

auxialiaryCompute = function(vDate, previousOutputs=list())
{
    Sys.sleep(1)
    vDate %>% as.character %>% gsub("-", "", .)
}

getPreviousDates = function(loopBackDays, vDate)
{
    if(loopBackDays==0) return()
    seq.Date(from=vDate-loopBackDays, to=vDate-1, by="days")
}

有了这个,我有与以前相同的结果(平均花费1秒):

> compute(as.Date("2015-01-14"))
[1] "20150114"

以下内容有效4秒:

> system.time(compute("2014-05-05", loopBackMaxDate="2014-05-01", loopBackDays=1))
   user  system elapsed 
   0.00    0.00    3.99 

我想计算下面的内容,需要3秒钟:

> system.time(compute("2014-05-04", loopBackMaxDate="2014-05-01", loopBackDays=1))
   user  system elapsed 
   0.02    0.00    3.01 

这非常糟糕,因为我再次计算vDate="2014-05-04"vDate="2014-05-03"vDate="2014-05-02"的结果,而在调用compute("2014-05-05", loopBackMaxDate="2014-05-01", loopBackDays=1)时已完成...

记事递归

以下是我通过memoized进行的操作:

library(memoise)

compute = memoise(function(vDate, loopBackMaxDate=vDate, loopBackDays=0)
{
    d = as.Date # short alias

    dates = Filter(function(x) x>d(loopBackMaxDate), getPreviousDates(loopBackDays, d(vDate))) 

    if(length(dates)==0)
        return(auxialiaryCompute(vDate=vDate, previousOutputs=list()))

    previousOutputs = lapply(dates, function(u) compute(u, loopBackMaxDate, loopBackDays))

    auxialiaryCompute(vDate=vDate, previousOutputs=previousOutputs)
})

auxialiaryCompute = memoise(function(vDate, previousOutputs=list())
{
    Sys.sleep(1)
    vDate %>% as.character %>% gsub("-", "", .)
})

首次运行(有效4秒):

> system.time(compute("2014-05-05", loopBackMaxDate="2014-05-01", loopBackDays=1))
  user  system elapsed 
  0.00    0.00    4.01 

第二次运行需要1秒,而我预计需要0秒:

> system.time(compute("2014-05-04", loopBackMaxDate="2014-05-01", loopBackDays=1))
   user  system elapsed 
   0.00    0.00    0.99 

我认为我在某处完全错了...我可以将输出存储在全局变量中,但我真的希望它能够使用memoization或连续样式传递并避免冗余计算!

如果有人有想法,我将非常感激!

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:0)

好的,首先,我在auxiliaryCompute函数上添加了一些loginfo:

compute = memoise(function(vDate, loopBackMaxDate=vDate, loopBackDays=0)
{
    d = as.Date # short alias

    dates = Filter(function(x) x>d(loopBackMaxDate), getPreviousDates(loopBackDays, d(vDate))) 

    if(length(dates)==0)
    {
        loginfo("I reached the tail!")
        return(auxiliaryCompute(vDate=vDate, previousOutputs=0))
    }

    previousOutputs = lapply(dates, function(u){
                    compute(vDate=u, loopBackMaxDate=loopBackMaxDate, loopBackDays)
                  })

    auxiliaryCompute(vDate2=vDate, previousOutputs=previousOutputs)
})

auxiliaryCompute = memoise(function(vDate2, previousOutputs)
{
    loginfo("-------arguments in auxiliaryCompute are: vDate %s , previousOutputs %s", vDate2, unlist(previousOutputs))
#   Sys.sleep(1)
    vDate2 %>% as.character %>% gsub("-", "", .)
})

> compute("2015-01-10", "2015-01-01", 2)
2015-01-20 18:53:12 INFO::I reached the tail!
2015-01-20 18:53:12 INFO::-------arguments: vDate 2015-01-02 , previousOutputs 0
2015-01-20 18:53:12 INFO::-------arguments: vDate 2015-01-03 , previousOutputs 20150102
2015-01-20 18:53:12 INFO::-------arguments: vDate 2015-01-04 , previousOutputs 20150102,20150103
2015-01-20 18:53:12 INFO::-------arguments: vDate 2015-01-05 , previousOutputs 20150103,20150104
2015-01-20 18:53:12 INFO::-------arguments: vDate 2015-01-06 , previousOutputs 20150104,20150105
2015-01-20 18:53:12 INFO::-------arguments: vDate 2015-01-07 , previousOutputs 20150105,20150106
2015-01-20 18:53:12 INFO::-------arguments: vDate 2015-01-08 , previousOutputs 20150106,20150107
2015-01-20 18:53:12 INFO::-------arguments: vDate 2015-01-09 , previousOutputs 20150107,20150108
2015-01-20 18:53:12 INFO::-------arguments: vDate 2015-01-10 , previousOutputs 20150108,20150109
[1] "20150110"

> compute("2015-01-08", "2015-01-01", 2)
2015-01-20 18:54:11 INFO::-------arguments: vDate 2015-01-08 , previousOutputs 20150106,20150107
[1] "20150108"

第一个日志是好的,我们每个日期每次只去一次(不用memoize重复)。然而,在第二个日志中,函数auxiliaryCompute被调用vDate 2015-01-08 , previousOutputs 20150106,20150107,因为它已经被执行(出现在第一个日志中),这很奇怪。

其他日期是相同的记忆....只有第一个错误...这是因为它字符串和递归中的其他日期被强制为日期格式。

通过在参数中加入日期:

> compute(as.Date("2015-01-08"), "2015-01-01", 2)
[1] "20150108"

它真的很偷偷摸摸,因为R不是一个强类型的语言,而且主要是因为我编码非常糟糕"混乱" 日期字符串