我在Scala中查看the following code for handling errors:
package challenge1
import core._, Syntax._
sealed trait Error
case class Explosion(exception: Throwable) extends Error
case object NotFound extends Error
case object InvalidRequest extends Error
case object InvalidMethod extends Error
case object Unauthorized extends Error
object Error {
implicit def ErrorEqual =
Equal.derived[Error]
}
case class Fail[A](error: Error) extends Result[A]
case class Ok[A](value: A) extends Result[A]
sealed trait Result[A] {
def fold[X](
fail: Error => X,
ok: A => X
): X = this match {
case Fail(error) => fail(error)
case Ok(value) => ok(value)
}
def map[B](f: A => B): Result[B] =
flatMap(f andThen Result.ok)
def flatMap[B](f: A => Result[B]): Result[B] =
fold(Result.fail, f)
def getOrElse(otherwise: => A): A =
fold(_ => otherwise, identity)
def |||(alternative: => Result[A]): Result[A] =
fold(_ => alternative, _ => this)
}
...
现在我可以在Clojure中看到code here for handling exceptions using the Maybe Monad:
(use '[clojure.contrib.monads :only [maybe-m]])
(defmacro maybe
([bindings return]
`(domonad maybe-m ~bindings ~return))
([bindings return else]
`(let [result# (maybe ~bindings ~return)]
(if (nil? result#)
~else
result#))))
此处Jim Duey explains exception handling in terms of continuations:
(defn mf-a [x]
(println "starting mf-a")
(fn [c]
(println "completing mf-a")
(c (inc x))))
(defn mf-b [x]
(println "starting mf-b")
(fn [c]
(println "completing mf-b")
(c (* 2 x))))
(defn mf-c [x]
(println "starting mf-c")
(fn [c]
(println "completing mf-c")
(c (dec x))))
(def fn8 (m-chain [mf-a mf-b mf-c]))
(现在我意识到that all monads are continuations in a sense - 我现在要把它放在一边。如果我犯了一个严重的错误 - 请帮助我,这样我就可以纠正这个问题了)。
我试图绕过上面的Scala代码。如果它基于Maybe或者Continuations,我试图解决问题。
我的问题是:我们可以根据Maybe monad或Continuation monad理解错误monad吗?
答案 0 :(得分:2)
“在”方面是一个松散的短语。你展示的Result
monad比Maybe
monad更通用;的确,我会说Maybe
是Result
的一个特例。反过来,延续仍然更为笼统,Result
可以看作是延续的一个特例 - 但这与所有单子都是延续的意义相同,所以如果这不是你所要求的,我不确定你能问什么。 (我没有发现延续视角有助于理解,因为延续是一个非常一般的结构,但也许你这样做?但如果是这样,那就必须是所有monad都是连续的意义)
我建议直接了解Result
;它很简单,与你提供的其他两个例子的区别很重要。也就是说,它可能帮助将其视为“Maybe
,但None
(Fail(e)
对于任何e: Error
)具有不同的可能值只有一个“;那就是“你想要的”吗?