NumPy:计算两个数组之间的行方向交叉点的大小

时间:2014-11-25 17:36:47

标签: python arrays numpy vectorization

我有2个数组由小于100的整数填充。数字不能连续出现两次。

  • Array1:nrow = 100 000; ncol = 5
  • Array2:nrow = 50 000; ncol = 5

我想创建一个第三个数组(Intersection),其中Array1的每一行与Array2的每一行之间的数字相似。

def Intersection(array1, array2):
    Intersection = np.empty([ array1.shape[0]  , array2.shape[0] ], dtype=int8)
    for i in range(0, array1.shape[0]):
        for j in range(0, array2.shape[0]):
            Intersection[i,j] = len( set(array1[i,]).intersection(array2[j,]) )
    return Intersection

以下是一个例子:

array1 = np.array([[1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [2, 3, 4, 5, 6], [7,8,9,10,11] ])
array2 = np.array([[1, 3, 7, 20, 21], [1, 43, 104, 115, 116], [6,30,91,110,121] ])
#Expected result:
array([[2, 1, 0],
       [1, 0, 1],
       [1, 0, 0]], dtype=int8)

这种带有嵌套循环的天真解决方案非常慢。 我如何对其进行矢量化?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

这是一种方法,对于大小为100000和50000的输入采用一秒的顺序:

import numpy as np
import scipy.sparse

def intersection_counts(x,y):
    # find the size of the input arrays
    n_x, n_d = x.shape
    n_y, n_d = y.shape

    # get a list of the unique values appearing in x and y, as well
    # as a list of inverse indices (see docs for np.unique)
    values, ix = np.unique(np.vstack((x,y)), return_inverse=True)
    n_unique = len(values)

    # reshape the inverse array. ix_x_hat will be an array the same size
    # as x, where ix_x_hat[i,j] gives the index of x[i,j] in values. That
    # is to say, values[ix_x_hat[i,j]] == x[i,j]
    ix_hat = ix.reshape(-1, n_d)
    ix_x_hat = ix_hat[:n_x]
    ix_y_hat = ix_hat[n_x:]

    # create a sparse matrix where entry [i,j] is 1 if and only if
    # row i of x contains values[j]
    x_hat = scipy.sparse.lil_matrix((n_x, n_unique), dtype=int)
    x_hat[np.arange(n_x)[:,None], ix_x_hat] = 1

    # create a sparse matrix where entry [i,j] is 1 if and only if
    # row i of y contains values[j]
    y_hat = scipy.sparse.lil_matrix((len(y), len(values)), dtype=int)
    y_hat[np.arange(n_y)[:,None], ix_y_hat] = 1

    # the dot product gives the solution
    return x_hat.dot(y_hat.T)

以下是这样的想法:假设xy的每个条目都取一个较小的值,例如values = [1,3,6,9,11,15,28,40]。考虑一行x

x[0] = [11, 6, 40, 1, 3]

和一行y

y[0] = [3, 11, 6, 9, 15]

我们可以将x[0]表示为与values长度相同的稀疏向量。如果i中显示i值,则x条目将为1:

#          [1, 3, 6, 9,11,15,28,40]
x_hat[0] = [1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1]
y_hat[0] = [0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0]

x_haty_hat之间的交叉点中有多少个元素?它只是点积:3。上面的代码就是这样,但是批量生产。

该函数适用于稀疏矩阵,结果是稀疏矩阵,以节省内存。请注意,密集的100000 x 50000 int32s数组已经是20千兆字节,可能会也可能不会超过您的RAM。有关使用稀疏数组的帮助,请参阅here

我通过使用:

生成数组xy来测试上述代码
x = np.random.randint(0,1000,(100000,5))
y = np.random.randint(0,1000,(50000,5))

在我5岁的机器上以2GB的速度完成了24GB的主内存。在此,1000用作xy可以采用的可能值的范围。将其缩小意味着所涉及的矩阵将更少稀疏,并且代码将花费更长时间。