在Store App中使用MVVM进行页面导航

时间:2014-11-08 10:47:40

标签: c# wpf xaml mvvm windows-store-apps

我对这个问题感到非常头疼。我真的不喜欢商店应用程序,但在这种情况下我被迫使用它。我已经与XAML合作了几个星期。

我的问题是: 如何在RelayCommand(从我的课程视图中)调用ViewModel来改变我视图中的页面?更好的是,使用URI更改它,以便我可以将命令参数传递给文件。

我完全迷失了。目前,我在后面的“查看代码”中使用this.Frame.Navigate(type type)来浏览网页。

我真的,我的意思是真的很感谢从a到z的描述,在这种情况下该做什么。

我认为我可以做一些事情,比如在我的View上构建一个framecontainer并将其发送到我的ViewModel,并从那里导航当前帧到另一个。但我不确定它在Store应用程序中是如何工作的。

我真的很抱歉缺少好问题,但是我在截止日期前需要以适当的方式将我的View连接到我的ViewModel ..我不喜欢这两个视图代码隐藏以及ViewModel代码。

5 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:12)

斯科特说你可以使用NavigationService。 我首先创建一个这个示例中不需要的接口,但是如果你将来使用依赖注入(带有视图模型和服务的好解决方案),它将非常有用:)

INavigationService:

public interface INavigationService
{
    void Navigate(Type sourcePage);
    void Navigate(Type sourcePage, object parameter);
    void GoBack();
}

NavigationService.cs将继承INavigationService 您将需要以下命名空间

using Windows.UI.Xaml;
using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;


public sealed class NavigationService : INavigationService
{
    public void Navigate(Type sourcePage)
    {
        var frame = (Frame)Window.Current.Content;
        frame.Navigate(sourcePage);
    }

    public void Navigate(Type sourcePage, object parameter)
    {
        var frame = (Frame)Window.Current.Content;
        frame.Navigate(sourcePage, parameter);
    }

    public void GoBack()
    {
        var frame = (Frame)Window.Current.Content;
        frame.GoBack();
    }
}

用于显示RelayCommand示例的简单ViewModel。注意我使用DoSomething RelayCommand导航到另一个页面(Page2.xaml)。

MyViewModel.cs

public class MyViewModel : INotifyPropertyChanged
{
    private INavigationService _navigationService;

    public event PropertyChangedEventHandler PropertyChanged;

    public void OnPropertyChanged(string propertyName)
    {
        var handler = PropertyChanged;
        if (handler != null)
        {
            PropertyChanged(this, new PropertyChangedEventArgs(propertyName));
        }
    }

    public MyViewModel(INavigationService navigationService)
    {
        _navigationService = navigationService;
    }

    private ICommand _doSomething;

    public ICommand DoSomething
    {
        get
        {
            return _doSomething ??
                new RelayCommand(() =>
                    {
                        _navigationService.Navigate(typeof(Page2));
                    });
        }
    }}

在简单示例中,我在MainPage.cs中创建了viewmodel并添加了NavigationService 但你可以在其他地方这样做,具体取决于你的MVVM设置。

MainPage.cs

public sealed partial class MainPage : Page
{
    public MainPage()
    {
        this.InitializeComponent();

        var vm = new MyViewModel(new NavigationService());
        this.DataContext = vm;
    }
}

MainPage.xaml(绑定命令DoSomething)

 <Grid Background="{ThemeResource ApplicationPageBackgroundThemeBrush}">
    <Button Width="200" Height="50" Content="Go to Page 2"
             Command="{Binding DoSomething}"/>
</Grid>

希望有所帮助。

答案 1 :(得分:11)

有两种方法可以做到这一点,一种简单的方法是将视图中的中继命令操作传递给视图模型。

public MainPage()
{
  var vm = new MyViewModel();
  vm.GotoPage2Command = new RelayCommand(()=>{ Frame.Navigate(typeof(Page2)) });
  this.DataContext = vm;
}

<Button Command={Binding GoToPage2Command}>Go to Page 2</Button>

另一种方法是使用IocContainer和DependencyInjection。这是一种更加失败的耦合方法。

我们需要一个导航页面界面,这样我们就不需要引用或了解有关PageX或任何UI元素的任何内容,假设您的viewmodel位于一个不了解UI的单独项目中。

ViewModel项目:

  public interface INavigationPage
  {
    Type PageType { get; set; }
  }

  public interface INavigationService
  {
    void Navigate(INavigationPage page) { get; set; }
  }



public class MyViewModel : ViewModelBase
  {
    public MyViewModel(INavigationService navigationService, INavigationPage page)
    {
      GotoPage2Command = new RelayCommand(() => { navigationService.Navigate(page.PageType); })
    }

    private ICommand GotoPage2Command { get; private set; }
  }

UI项目:

  public class NavigationService : INavigationService
    {
       //Assuming that you only navigate in the root frame
       Frame navigationFrame = Window.Current.Content as Frame;
       public void Navigate(INavigationPage page)
       {
          navigationFrame.Navigate(page.PageType);
       }
    }

public abstract class NavigationPage<T> : INavigationPage
{
   public NavigationPage()
   {
      this.PageType = typeof(T);
   }
}

public class NavigationPage1 : NavigationPage<Page1> { }


public class MainPage : Page
{
   public MainPage()
   {
      //I'll just place the container logic here, but you can place it in a bootstrapper or in app.xaml.cs if you want. 
      var container = new UnityContainer();
      container.RegisterType<INavigationPage, NavigationPage1>();
      container.RegisterType<INavigationService, NavigationService>();
      container.RegisterType<MyViewModel>();

      this.DataContext = container.Resolve<MyViewModel>();       
   }
}

答案 2 :(得分:3)

当ViewModel引用要导航到的视图时,我真的不喜欢。所以我更喜欢ViewModel-first方法。通过使用ContentControls,DataTemplates for ViewModel类型&amp;我的ViewModels中有某种导航模式。

我的导航如下:

[ImplementPropertyChanged]
public class MainNavigatableViewModel : NavigatableViewModel
{
    public ICommand LoadProfileCommand { get; private set; }

    public ICommand OpenPostCommand { get; private set; }

    public MainNavigatableViewModel ()
    {
        LoadProfileCommand = new RelayCommand(() => Navigator.Navigate(new ProfileNavigatableViewModel()));
        OpenPostCommand = new RelayCommand(() => Navigator.Navigate(new PostEditViewModel { Post = SelectedPost }), () => SelectedPost != null);
    }
}

我的NavigatableViewModel看起来像:

[ImplementPropertyChanged]
public class NavigatableViewModel
{
    public NavigatorViewModel Navigator { get; set; }

    public NavigatableViewModel PreviousViewModel { get; set; }

    public NavigatableViewModel NextViewModel { get; set; }

}

我的导航器:

[ImplementPropertyChanged]
public class NavigatorViewModel
{
    public NavigatableViewModel CurrentViewModel { get; set; }

    public ICommand BackCommand { get; private set; }

    public ICommand ForwardCommand { get; private set; }

    public NavigatorViewModel()
    {
        BackCommand = new RelayCommand(() =>
        {
            // Set current control to previous control
            CurrentViewModel = CurrentViewModel.PreviousViewModel;
        }, () => CurrentViewModel != null && CurrentViewModel.PreviousViewModel != null);

        ForwardCommand = new RelayCommand(() =>
        {
            // Set current control to next control
            CurrentViewModel = CurrentViewModel.NextViewModel;
        }, () => CurrentViewModel != null && CurrentViewModel.NextViewModel != null);
    }

    public void Navigate(NavigatableViewModel newViewModel)
    {
        if (newViewModel.Navigator != null && newViewModel.Navigator != this)
            throw new Exception("Viewmodel can't be added to two different navigators");

        newViewModel.Navigator = this;

        if (CurrentViewModel != null)
        {
            CurrentViewModel.NextViewModel = newViewModel;
        }

        newViewModel.PreviousViewModel = CurrentViewModel;
        CurrentViewModel = newViewModel;
    }
}

My MainWindows.xaml:

<Window
        xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"
        xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"
        xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"
        xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"
        xmlns:viewmodels="clr-namespace:MyApp.ViewModels"
        x:Class="MyApp.Windows.MainWindow"
        mc:Ignorable="d"
        Title="MainWindow" Height="389" Width="573" 
        d:DataContext="{d:DesignInstance {x:Type viewmodels:MyAppViewModel}, IsDesignTimeCreatable=True}">
    <Grid>
        <!-- Show data according to data templates as defined in App.xaml -->
        <ContentControl Content="{Binding Navigator.CurrentViewModel}"  Margin="0,32,0,0" />

        <Button Content="Previous" Command="{Binding Navigator.BackCommand}" Style="{DynamicResource ButtonStyle}" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="10,5,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75" />
        <Button Content="Next" Command="{Binding Navigator.ForwardCommand}" Style="{DynamicResource ButtonStyle}" HorizontalAlignment="Left" Margin="90,5,0,0" VerticalAlignment="Top" Width="75" />
    </Grid>
</Window>

App.xaml.cs:

public partial class App
{
    protected override void OnStartup(StartupEventArgs e)
    {
        base.OnStartup(e);

        new MainWindow {DataContext = new MyAppViewModel()}.Show();
    }
}

MyAppViewModel:

[ImplementPropertyChanged]
public class MyAppViewModel
{
    public NavigatorViewModel Navigator { get; set; }

    public MyAppViewModel()
    {
        Navigator = new NavigatorViewModel();
        Navigator.Navigate(new MainNavigatableViewModel());
    }
}

的App.xaml:

        <DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type viewmodels:MainNavigatableViewModel}">
            <controls:MainControl/>
        </DataTemplate>
        <DataTemplate DataType="{x:Type viewmodels:PostEditViewModel}">
            <controls:PostEditControl/>
        </DataTemplate>

缺点是你有更多的ViewModel代码来管理你正在看的状态。但显然这在可测试性方面也是一个巨大的优势。当然,您的ViewModel不需要依赖于您的视图。

另外我使用Fody / PropertyChanged,这是[ImplementPropertyChanged]的内容。让我不要编写OnPropertyChanged代码。

答案 3 :(得分:1)

这是实现NavigationService的另一种方法,不使用抽象类,也不在视图模型中引用视图类型。

假设目标页面的视图模型是这样的:

public interface IDestinationViewModel { /* Interface of destination vm here */ }
class MyDestinationViewModel : IDestinationViewModel { /* Implementation of vm here */ }

然后您的NavigationService可以简单地实现以下界面:

public interface IPageNavigationService
{
    void NavigateToDestinationPage(IDestinationViewModel dataContext);
}

在主窗口ViewModel中,您需要注入导航器和目标页面的视图模型:

class MyViewModel1 : IMyViewModel
{
    public MyViewModel1(IPageNavigationService navigator, IDestinationViewModel destination)
    {
        GoToPageCommand = new RelayCommand(() => 
                navigator.NavigateToDestinationPage(destination));
    }

    public ICommand GoToPageCommand { get; }
}

NavigationService的实现封装了视图类型(Page2)和对通过构造函数注入的帧的引用:

class PageNavigationService : IPageNavigationService
{
    private readonly Frame _navigationFrame;

    public PageNavigationService(Frame navigationFrame)
    {
        _navigationFrame = navigationFrame;
    }

    void Navigate(Type type, object dataContext)
    {
        _navigationFrame.Navigate(type);
        _navigationFrame.DataContext = dataContext;
    }

    public void NavigateToDestinationPage(IDestinationViewModel dataContext)
    {
        // Page2 is the corresponding view of the destination view model
        Navigate(typeof(Page2), dataContext);
    }
}

要获取框架,只需在MainPage xaml中命名:

<Frame x:Name="RootFrame"/>

在MainPage的代码中,通过传递根框架来初始化你的引导程序:

public sealed partial class MainPage : Page
{
    public MainPage()
    {
        this.InitializeComponent();
        var bootstrapper = new Bootstrapper(RootFrame);
        DataContext = bootstrapper.GetMainScreenViewModel();
    }
}

最后这里是完整性的bootstrapper实现;)

class Bootstrapper
{
    private Container _container = new Container();

    public Bootstrapper(Frame frame)
    {
        _container.RegisterSingleton(frame);
        _container.RegisterSingleton<IPageNavigationService, PageNavigationService>();
        _container.Register<IMyViewModel, MyViewModel1>();
        _container.Register<IDestinationViewModel, IDestinationViewModel>();

#if DEBUG
        _container.Verify();
#endif
    }

    public IMyViewModel GetMainScreenViewModel()
    {
        return _container.GetInstance<IMyViewModel>();
    }
}

答案 4 :(得分:0)

这简直让我感到困扰,没有人在架构级别上解决过这个问题。因此,这是使用内置的基于框架的导航将视图,视图模型及其之间的映射完全解耦的代码。该实现将Autofact用作DI容器,但可以轻松移植到其他IoC解决方案。

核心VM逻辑(它们应该在同一程序集中):

// I would not get into how the ViewModel or property change notification is implemented
public abstract class PageViewModel : ViewModel
{
    protected internal INavigationService Navigation { get; internal set; }

    internal void NavigationCompleted()
    {
        OnNavigationCompleted();
    }

    protected virtual void OnNavigationCompleted()
    {

    }
}

public interface INavigationService
{
    void Navigate<TModel>() where TModel : PageViewModel;
}

public abstract class NavigationServiceBase : INavigationService
{
    public abstract void Navigate<TModel>() where TModel : PageViewModel;
    protected void CompleteNavigation(PageViewModel model)
    {
        model.Navigation = this;
        model.NavigationCompleted();
    }
}

此代码应在UWP类库或可执行文件中:

public interface INavigationMap<TModel>
    where TModel: PageViewModel
{
    Type ViewType { get; }
}

internal class NavigationMap<TModel, TView> : INavigationMap<TModel>
    where TModel: PageViewModel
    where TView: Page
{
    public Type ViewType => typeof(TView);
}

public class NavigationService : NavigationServiceBase
{
    private readonly Frame NavigationFrame;
    private readonly ILifetimeScope Resolver;

    public NavigationService(ILifetimeScope scope)
    {
        Resolver = scope;
        NavigationFrame = Window.Current.Content as Frame;
        NavigationFrame.Navigated += NavigationFrame_Navigated;
    }

    private void NavigationFrame_Navigated(object sender, Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation.NavigationEventArgs e)
    {
        if(e.Content is FrameworkElement element)
        {
            element.DataContext = e.Parameter;

            if(e.Parameter is PageViewModel page)
            {
                CompleteNavigation(page);
            }
        }
    }

    public override void Navigate<TModel>()
    {
        var model = Resolver.Resolve<TModel>();
        var map = Resolver.Resolve<INavigationMap<TModel>>();

        NavigationFrame.Navigate(map.ViewType, model);
    }
}

其余只是用于在DI和用法示例中注册的便捷代码:

public static class NavigationMap
{
    public static void RegisterNavigation<TModel, TView>(this ContainerBuilder builder)
        where TModel : PageViewModel
        where TView : Page
    {
        builder.RegisterInstance(new NavigationMap<TModel, TView>())
            .As<INavigationMap<TModel>>()
            .SingleInstance();
    }
}

     builder.RegisterNavigation<MyViewModel, MyView>();


public class UserAuthenticationModel : PageViewModel
{
    protected override void OnNavigationCompleted()
    {
        // UI is visible and ready
        // navigate to somewhere else
        Navigation.Navigate<MyNextViewModel>();
    }
}