我在编码方面很陌生，我想知道如何动画我的精灵看起来它实际上正在移动。我想我有一个大致的想法，但说实话，我不知道在我的代码中从哪里开始插入不同的图像并让它看起来像是在移动。这是我的代码，非常感谢任何提示。
SCREEN_SIZE = (1024, 768)
import sys
import pygame
from pygame.locals import *
from random import randint, choice
from Vector2 import Vector2
NEST_POSITION = (SCREEN_SIZE[0]/2, SCREEN_SIZE[1]/2)
NEST_POSITION_VECTOR2 = Vector2(NEST_POSITION)
ANT_COUNT = 20
NEST_SIZE = 100.
class State(object):
def __init__(self, name):
self.name = name
def do_actions(self):
pass
def check_conditions(self):
pass
def entry_actions(self):
pass
def exit_actions(self):
pass
class StateMachine(object):
def __init__(self):
self.states = {}
self.active_state = None
def add_state(self, state):
self.states[state.name] = state
def think(self):
if self.active_state is None: return
self.active_state.do_actions()
new_state_name = self.active_state.check_conditions()
if new_state_name is not None:
self.set_state(new_state_name)
def set_state(self, new_state_name):
if self.active_state is not None:
self.active_state.exit_actions()
self.active_state = self.states[new_state_name]
self.active_state.entry_actions()
class World(object):
def __init__(self):
self.entities = {}
self.entity_id = 0
self.background = pygame.surface.Surface(SCREEN_SIZE).convert()
self.background.fill((255, 255, 255))
pygame.draw.circle(self.background, (200, 255, 200), NEST_POSITION, int(NEST_SIZE))
def add_entity(self, entity):
self.entities[self.entity_id] = entity
entity.id = self.entity_id
self.entity_id += 1
def remove_entity(self, entity):
del self.entities[entity.id]
def get(self, entity_id):
if entity_id in self.entities:
return self.entities[entity_id]
else:
return None
def process(self, time_passed):
time_passed_seconds = time_passed / 1000.0
for entity in self.entities.values():
entity.process(time_passed_seconds)
def render(self, surface):
surface.blit(self.background, (0, 0))
for entity in self.entities.itervalues():
entity.render(surface)
def get_close_entity(self, name, location, range=100.):
for entity in self.entities.itervalues():
if (entity.name == name):
distance = location.get_distance_to(entity.location)
if (distance < range):
return entity
return None
############################# GameEntity ####################################
## This is a "template" object - that is, we never actually create one of
## these objects in the game.
## This object is used as a base templet for other game objects that "extend"
## or "inherit from" this object.
## The leaf, Spider and And objects all extend the GameEntity object
class GameEntity(object):
def __init__(self, world, name, image):
self.world = world
self.name = name
self.image = image
self.location = Vector2(0, 0)
self.destination = Vector2(0, 0)
self.speed = 0.
self.brain = StateMachine()
self.id = 0
def render(self, surface):
w, h = self.image.get_size()
surface.blit(self.image, (self.location.x-w/2, self.location.y-h/2))
def process(self, time_passed):
self.brain.think()
if ((self.speed > 0.) and (self.location != self.destination)):
vec_to_destination = self.destination - self.location
distance_to_destination = vec_to_destination.get_magnitude()
heading = vec_to_destination.get_normalized()
travel_distance = min(distance_to_destination, time_passed * self.speed)
self.location += heading * travel_distance
############################# Leaf ##########################################
class Leaf(GameEntity):
def __init__(self, world, image):
GameEntity.__init__(self, world, "leaf", image)
############################# Ant ##########################################
class Spider(GameEntity):
def __init__(self, world, image):
GameEntity.__init__(self, world, "spider", image)
self.dead_image = pygame.transform.flip(image, 0, 1)
self.health = 25
self.speed = 50. + randint(-20, 20)
def bitten(self):
self.health -= 1
if (self.health <= 0):
self.speed = 0.
self.image = self.dead_image
self.speed = 140.
def render(self, surface):
GameEntity.render(self, surface)
w, h = self.image.get_size()
bar_x = self.location.x - 12
bar_y = self.location.y + h/2
surface.fill( (255, 0, 0), (bar_x, bar_y, 25, 4))
surface.fill( (0, 255, 0), (bar_x, bar_y, self.health, 4))
def process(self, time_passed):
if (self.location.x > SCREEN_SIZE[0] + 2):
self.world.remove_entity(self)
return
GameEntity.process(self, time_passed)
############################# Ant ##########################################
class Ant(GameEntity):
def __init__(self, world, image):
GameEntity.__init__(self, world, "ant", image)
exploring_state = AntStateExploring(self)
seeking_state = AntStateSeeking(self)
delivering_state = AntStateDelivering(self)
hunting_state = AntStateHunting(self)
self.brain.add_state(exploring_state)
self.brain.add_state(seeking_state)
self.brain.add_state(delivering_state)
self.brain.add_state(hunting_state)
self.carry_image = None
def carry(self, image):
self.carry_image = image
def drop(self, surface):
if self.carry_image:
x = self.location.x
y = self.location.y
w, h = self.carry_image.get_size()
surface.blit(self.carry_image, (x-w, y-h/2))
self.carry_image = None
def render(self, surface):
GameEntity.render(self, surface)
if (self.carry_image):
x = self.location.x
y = self.location.y
w, h = self.carry_image.get_size()
surface.blit(self.carry_image, (x-w, y-h/2))
############################# AntStateExploring #############################
class AntStateExploring(State):
def __init__(self, ant):
State.__init__(self, "exploring")
self.ant = ant
def random_destination(self):
w, h = SCREEN_SIZE
self.ant.destination = Vector2(randint(0, w), randint(0, h))
def do_actions(self):
if (randint(1, 20) == 1):
self.random_destination()
def check_conditions(self):
leaf = self.ant.world.get_close_entity("leaf", self.ant.location)
if (leaf is not None):
self.ant.leaf_id = leaf.id
return "seeking"
spider = self.ant.world.get_close_entity("spider", NEST_POSITION_VECTOR2, NEST_SIZE)
if (spider is not None):
if (self.ant.location.get_distance_to(spider.location) < 100.):
self.ant.spider_id = spider.id
return "hunting"
return None
def entry_actions(self):
self.ant.speed = 120. + randint(-30, 30)
self.random_destination()
############################# AntStateSeeking ###############################
class AntStateSeeking(State):
def __init__(self, ant):
State.__init__(self, "seeking")
self.ant = ant
self.leaf_id = None
def check_conditions(self):
leaf = self.ant.world.get(self.ant.leaf_id)
if (leaf is None): return "exploring"
if (self.ant.location.get_distance_to(leaf.location) < 5.0):
self.ant.carry(leaf.image)
self.ant.world.remove_entity(leaf)
return "delivering"
return None
def entry_actions(self):
leaf = self.ant.world.get(self.ant.leaf_id)
if (leaf is not None):
self.ant.destination = leaf.location
self.ant.speed = 160. + randint(-20, 20)
############################# AntStateDelivering ############################
class AntStateDelivering(State):
def __init__(self, ant):
State.__init__(self, "delivering")
self.ant = ant
def check_conditions(self):
if (self.ant.location.get_distance_to(NEST_POSITION) < NEST_SIZE):
if (randint(1, 10) == 1):
self.ant.drop(self.ant.world.background)
return "exploring"
return None
def entry_actions(self):
self.ant.speed = 60.
random_offset = Vector2(randint(-20, 20), randint(-20, 20))
self.ant.destination = random_offset + NEST_POSITION
############################# AntStateHunting ###############################
class AntStateHunting(State):
def __init__(self, ant):
State.__init__(self, "hunting")
self.ant = ant
self.got_kill = False
def do_actions(self):
spider = self.ant.world.get(self.ant.spider_id)
if (spider is None): return
self.ant.destination = spider.location
if (self.ant.location.get_distance_to(spider.location) < 15.):
if (randint(1, 5) == 1):
spider.bitten()
if (spider.health <= 0):
self.ant.carry(spider.image)
self.ant.world.remove_entity(spider)
self.got_kill = True
def check_conditions(self):
if (self.got_kill): return "delivering"
spider = self.ant.world.get(self.ant.spider_id)
if (spider is None): return "exploring"
if (spider.location.get_distance_to(NEST_POSITION) > NEST_SIZE * 3):
return "exploring"
return None
def entry_actions(self):
self.speed = 160. + randint(0, 50)
def exit_actions(self):
self.got_kill = False
############################# Set up Game ###############################
def run():
pygame.init()
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(SCREEN_SIZE, 0, 32)
pygame.display.set_caption("The Super Amazing Ant Simulation")
world = World()
w, h = SCREEN_SIZE
clock = pygame.time.Clock()
ant_image = pygame.image.load("ant.png").convert_alpha()
ant2_image = pygame.image.load("ant6.gif").convert_alpha()
ant3_image = pygame.image.load("ant7.gif").convert_alpha()
leaf_image = pygame.image.load("leaf.png").convert_alpha()
spider_image = pygame.image.load("spider.png").convert_alpha()
############# Place ants in starting locations #########################
for ant_no in xrange(ANT_COUNT):
ant = Ant(world, ant_image)
ant.location = Vector2(randint(0, w), randint(0, h))
ant.brain.set_state("exploring")
world.add_entity(ant)
############################# Game Loop ###############################
while (True):
for event in pygame.event.get():
if (event.type == QUIT):
pygame.quit()
return
time_passed = clock.tick(30)
if (randint(1, 50) == 1):
leafX = randint(0, w)
leafY = randint(0, h)
numberOfLeafs = randint(5,25)
for leafNumber in range(numberOfLeafs):
leaf = Leaf(world, leaf_image)
leaf.location = Vector2(leafX, leafY)
world.add_entity(leaf)
if (randint(1, 100) == 1):
spider = Spider(world, spider_image)
spider.location = Vector2(-50, randint(0, h))
spider.destination = Vector2(w+50, randint(0, h))
world.add_entity(spider)
world.process(time_passed)
world.render(screen)
pygame.display.update()
############################# Call run to start game #########################
try:
if (Vector2.version() != "Version 2014-04-09"):
raise()
except:
print "****ERROR**** Vector2 version mis-matched with AntSimulation.py"
sys.exit()
run()
答案 0 :(得分：1)
在pygame中，动画只是按顺序播放的多个图像。我假设因为你想要为精灵设置动画，你已经考虑过要使用的图像序列。
这是一个动画类的基本示例（您可能希望为此添加相当多的功能）：
class Animation(object):
def __init__(self, image_list):
self.image_list = image_list #a list of pygame images
self.total_frames = len(image_list)
self.index = 0
def next(self):
image = self.image_list[self.index]
self.index = (self.index+1) % self.total_frames #loops back around
return image
现在，在您的精灵类中，当您准备切换到动画的下一帧时：
self.image = my_animation.next()