我在Ubuntu Trusty上使用C ++ 11和g ++ 4.8。
考虑这个片段
class Parent {
public:
virtual ~Parent() = default;
virtual void f() = 0;
};
class Child: public Parent {
public:
void f(){}
};
使用
调用{
Child o;
o.f();
}
{
Parent * o = new Child;
delete o;
}
{
Child * o = new Child;
delete o;
}
我使用gcov生成代码覆盖率报告。它报告永远不会调用符号为_ZN6ParentD0Ev
的析构函数,而_ZN6ParentD2Ev
则为。
回答Dual emission of constructor symbols和GNU GCC (g++): Why does it generate multiple dtors?报告_ZN6ParentD0Ev
是删除构造函数。
有没有这样做"删除析构函数"在Parent
班级上调用
附属问题:如果没有,是否有办法获得gcov / lcov代码覆盖率工具(在Detailed guide on using gcov with CMake/CDash?回答之后使用)忽略其报告中的该符号?
答案 0 :(得分:6)
我认为这是因为你有Child
个对象,而不是Parent
个对象。
{
Child o;
o.f();
} // 1
{
Parent * o = new Child;
delete o;
} // 2
{
Child * o = new Child;
delete o;
} // 3
在// 1
中,o
被销毁,Child
的完整对象析构函数被调用。由于Child
继承了Parent
,因此它会调用<{1}}的基础对象析构函数,_ZN6ParentD2Ev
。
在Parent
中,动态分配和删除// 2
,并调用o
的删除析构函数。然后,它将调用Child
的基础对象析构函数。在两者中,都调用了基础对象析构函数。
Parent
是一样的。它只等于// 3
,除了// 2
的类型。
我在cygwin&amp; amp; g ++ 4.8.3&amp; Windows 7 x86 SP1。这是我的测试代码。
o
并编译&amp; gcov选项:
class Parent
{
public:
virtual ~Parent() { }
virtual void f() = 0;
};
class Child : public Parent
{
public:
void f() { }
};
int main()
{
{
Child o;
o.f();
}
{
Parent * o = new Child;
delete o;
}
{
Child * o = new Child;
delete o;
}
}
这是结果。
$ g++ -std=c++11 -fprofile-arcs -ftest-coverage -O0 test.cpp -o test
$ ./test
$ gcov -b -f test.cpp
如您所见, -: 0:Source:test.cpp
-: 0:Graph:test.gcno
-: 0:Data:test.gcda
-: 0:Runs:1
-: 0:Programs:1
function _ZN6ParentC2Ev called 2 returned 100% blocks executed 100%
2: 1:class Parent
-: 2:{
-: 3:public:
function _ZN6ParentD0Ev called 0 returned 0% blocks executed 0%
function _ZN6ParentD1Ev called 0 returned 0% blocks executed 0%
function _ZN6ParentD2Ev called 3 returned 100% blocks executed 75%
3: 4: virtual ~Parent() = default;
call 0 never executed
call 1 never executed
branch 2 never executed
branch 3 never executed
call 4 never executed
branch 5 taken 0% (fallthrough)
branch 6 taken 100%
call 7 never executed
-: 5: virtual void f() = 0;
-: 6:};
-: 7:
function _ZN5ChildD0Ev called 2 returned 100% blocks executed 100%
function _ZN5ChildD1Ev called 3 returned 100% blocks executed 75%
function _ZN5ChildC1Ev called 2 returned 100% blocks executed 100%
7: 8:class Child : public Parent
call 0 returned 100%
call 1 returned 100%
call 2 returned 100%
branch 3 taken 0% (fallthrough)
branch 4 taken 100%
call 5 never executed
call 6 returned 100%
-: 9:{
-: 10:public:
function _ZN5Child1fEv called 1 returned 100% blocks executed 100%
1: 11: void f() { }
-: 12:};
-: 13:
function main called 1 returned 100% blocks executed 100%
1: 14:int main()
-: 15:{
-: 16: {
1: 17: Child o;
1: 18: o.f();
call 0 returned 100%
call 1 returned 100%
-: 19: }
-: 20: {
1: 21: Parent * o = new Child;
call 0 returned 100%
call 1 returned 100%
1: 22: delete o;
branch 0 taken 100% (fallthrough)
branch 1 taken 0%
call 2 returned 100%
-: 23: }
-: 24: {
1: 25: Child * o = new Child;
call 0 returned 100%
call 1 returned 100%
1: 26: delete o;
branch 0 taken 100% (fallthrough)
branch 1 taken 0%
call 2 returned 100%
-: 27: }
1: 28:}
,_ZN6ParentD2Ev
的基础对象析构函数被调用,而其他Base
未被调用。
但是,Base
,删除_ZN5ChildD0Ev
的析构函数,被调用两次Child
,_ZN5ChildD1Ev
的完整对象析构函数被调用三次,因为{{1} }和Child
。
但根据我的解释,delete o;
应该被调用两次,而Child o;
应该被称为一次,不是吗?为了弄清楚原因,我这样做了:
_ZN5ChildD0Ev
结果:
_ZN5ChildD1Ev
是的,因为$ objdump -d test > test.dmp
调用了00403c88 <__ZN5ChildD0Ev>:
403c88: 55 push %ebp
403c89: 89 e5 mov %esp,%ebp
403c8b: 83 ec 18 sub $0x18,%esp
403c8e: a1 20 80 40 00 mov 0x408020,%eax
403c93: 8b 15 24 80 40 00 mov 0x408024,%edx
403c99: 83 c0 01 add $0x1,%eax
403c9c: 83 d2 00 adc $0x0,%edx
403c9f: a3 20 80 40 00 mov %eax,0x408020
403ca4: 89 15 24 80 40 00 mov %edx,0x408024
403caa: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
403cad: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
403cb0: e8 47 00 00 00 call 403cfc <__ZN5ChildD1Ev>
403cb5: a1 28 80 40 00 mov 0x408028,%eax
403cba: 8b 15 2c 80 40 00 mov 0x40802c,%edx
403cc0: 83 c0 01 add $0x1,%eax
403cc3: 83 d2 00 adc $0x0,%edx
403cc6: a3 28 80 40 00 mov %eax,0x408028
403ccb: 89 15 2c 80 40 00 mov %edx,0x40802c
403cd1: 8b 45 08 mov 0x8(%ebp),%eax
403cd4: 89 04 24 mov %eax,(%esp)
403cd7: e8 a4 f9 ff ff call 403680 <___wrap__ZdlPv>
403cdc: a1 30 80 40 00 mov 0x408030,%eax
403ce1: 8b 15 34 80 40 00 mov 0x408034,%edx
403ce7: 83 c0 01 add $0x1,%eax
403cea: 83 d2 00 adc $0x0,%edx
403ced: a3 30 80 40 00 mov %eax,0x408030
403cf2: 89 15 34 80 40 00 mov %edx,0x408034
403cf8: c9 leave
403cf9: c3 ret
403cfa: 90 nop
403cfb: 90 nop
,_ZN5ChildD0Ev
被调用了三次。 (1 + 2)我想这只是GCC的实现 - 减少重复。
答案 1 :(得分:2)
您不能拥有Parent对象,所以没有。 GCC监督是产生这种不必要的功能。优化器真的应该删除它,因为它没有使用,但我发现GCC也存在问题。
答案 2 :(得分:1)
正如ikh所解释的那样,当纯虚拟父类具有虚拟析构函数时,D0析构函数会不必要地生成(并且不可用)。
但是,如果纯虚拟父类具有非虚拟析构函数,则可以删除指向父类型的指针,此将调用父D0析构函数。当然,父类中的非虚拟析构函数很少是可取的或有意的,因此g ++会发出警告:[-Wdelete-non-virtual-dtor]
。