python标准库中的装饰器(具体为@deprecated)

时间:2010-03-29 07:14:58

标签: python decorator

我需要将例程标记为已弃用,但显然没有标准的库装饰器可供弃用。我知道它的配方和警告模块,但我的问题是:为什么这个(常见)任务没有标准的库装饰器?

其他问题:标准库中是否有标准装饰器?

6 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:44)

以下是Leandro引用的一些片段:

import warnings
import functools

def deprecated(func):
    """This is a decorator which can be used to mark functions
    as deprecated. It will result in a warning being emitted
    when the function is used."""
    @functools.wraps(func)
    def new_func(*args, **kwargs):
        warnings.simplefilter('always', DeprecationWarning)  # turn off filter
        warnings.warn("Call to deprecated function {}.".format(func.__name__),
                      category=DeprecationWarning,
                      stacklevel=2)
        warnings.simplefilter('default', DeprecationWarning)  # reset filter
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
    return new_func

# Examples

@deprecated
def some_old_function(x, y):
    return x + y

class SomeClass:
    @deprecated
    def some_old_method(self, x, y):
        return x + y

因为在某些解释器中,第一个暴露的解决方案(没有过滤器处理)可能会导致警告抑制。

答案 1 :(得分:28)

这是另一种解决方案:

此装饰器(事实上decorator factory)允许您提供原因消息。通过提供源文件名行号来帮助开发人员诊断问题也更有用。

编辑:此代码使用了Zero的建议:它将warnings.warn_explicit行替换为warnings.warn(msg, category=DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2), 它打印函数调用站点而不是函数定义站点。它使调试更容易。

EDIT2 :此版本允许开发者指定可选的“原因”消息。

import functools
import inspect
import warnings

string_types = (type(b''), type(u''))


def deprecated(reason):
    """
    This is a decorator which can be used to mark functions
    as deprecated. It will result in a warning being emitted
    when the function is used.
    """

    if isinstance(reason, string_types):

        # The @deprecated is used with a 'reason'.
        #
        # .. code-block:: python
        #
        #    @deprecated("please, use another function")
        #    def old_function(x, y):
        #      pass

        def decorator(func1):

            if inspect.isclass(func1):
                fmt1 = "Call to deprecated class {name} ({reason})."
            else:
                fmt1 = "Call to deprecated function {name} ({reason})."

            @functools.wraps(func1)
            def new_func1(*args, **kwargs):
                warnings.simplefilter('always', DeprecationWarning)
                warnings.warn(
                    fmt1.format(name=func1.__name__, reason=reason),
                    category=DeprecationWarning,
                    stacklevel=2
                )
                warnings.simplefilter('default', DeprecationWarning)
                return func1(*args, **kwargs)

            return new_func1

        return decorator

    elif inspect.isclass(reason) or inspect.isfunction(reason):

        # The @deprecated is used without any 'reason'.
        #
        # .. code-block:: python
        #
        #    @deprecated
        #    def old_function(x, y):
        #      pass

        func2 = reason

        if inspect.isclass(func2):
            fmt2 = "Call to deprecated class {name}."
        else:
            fmt2 = "Call to deprecated function {name}."

        @functools.wraps(func2)
        def new_func2(*args, **kwargs):
            warnings.simplefilter('always', DeprecationWarning)
            warnings.warn(
                fmt2.format(name=func2.__name__),
                category=DeprecationWarning,
                stacklevel=2
            )
            warnings.simplefilter('default', DeprecationWarning)
            return func2(*args, **kwargs)

        return new_func2

    else:
        raise TypeError(repr(type(reason)))

您可以将此装饰器用于功能方法

这是一个简单的例子:

@deprecated("use another function")
def some_old_function(x, y):
    return x + y


class SomeClass(object):
    @deprecated("use another method")
    def some_old_method(self, x, y):
        return x + y


@deprecated("use another class")
class SomeOldClass(object):
    pass


some_old_function(5, 3)
SomeClass().some_old_method(8, 9)
SomeOldClass()

你会得到:

deprecated_example.py:59: DeprecationWarning: Call to deprecated function or method some_old_function (use another function).
  some_old_function(5, 3)
deprecated_example.py:60: DeprecationWarning: Call to deprecated function or method some_old_method (use another method).
  SomeClass().some_old_method(8, 9)
deprecated_example.py:61: DeprecationWarning: Call to deprecated class SomeOldClass (use another class).
  SomeOldClass()

EDIT3:此装饰器现在是Deprecated库的一部分:

新稳定版v1.2.5

答案 2 :(得分:8)

我想原因是Python代码无法静态处理(就像它对C ++编译器所做的那样),在实际使用之前你不能得到关于使用某些东西的警告。我不认为用一堆消息向您的脚本用户发送垃圾邮件是一个好主意“警告:此脚本的开发人员正在使用已弃用的API”。

更新:但您可以创建装饰器,将原始功能转换为另一个。新功能将标记/检查开关,告知该功能已被调用,并且仅在转换为开启状态时显示消息。和/或在退出时,它可以打印程序中使用的所有已弃用函数的列表。

答案 3 :(得分:5)

您可以创建一个utils文件

import warnings

def deprecated(message):
  def deprecated_decorator(func):
      def deprecated_func(*args, **kwargs):
          warnings.warn("{} is a deprecated function. {}".format(func.__name__, message),
                        category=DeprecationWarning,
                        stacklevel=2)
          warnings.simplefilter('default', DeprecationWarning)
          return func(*args, **kwargs)
      return deprecated_func
  return deprecated_decorator

然后按如下方式导入弃用装饰器:

from .utils import deprecated

@deprecated("Use method yyy instead")
def some_method()"
 pass

答案 4 :(得分:4)

As muon suggested,您可以为此安装deprecation包。

  

deprecation库为您的测试提供deprecated装饰器和fail_if_not_removed装饰器。

安装

pip install deprecation

使用示例

import deprecation

@deprecation.deprecated(deprecated_in="1.0", removed_in="2.0",
                        current_version=__version__,
                        details="Use the bar function instead")
def foo():
    """Do some stuff"""
    return 1

有关完整文档,请参阅http://deprecation.readthedocs.io/

答案 5 :(得分:0)

增强this answer by Steven Vascellaro

如果您使用Anaconda,请先安装deprecation软件包:

conda install -c conda-forge deprecation 

然后将以下内容粘贴到文件顶部

import deprecation

@deprecation.deprecated(deprecated_in="1.0", removed_in="2.0",
                    current_version=__version__,
                    details="Use the bar function instead")
def foo():
    """Do some stuff"""
    return 1

有关完整文档,请参见http://deprecation.readthedocs.io/