间歇性Python线程错误,"主线程不在主循环中#34;

时间:2014-08-17 16:59:49

标签: python multithreading raspberry-pi

中年爸爸(电气工程师不是贸易程序员)试图教我13岁的女儿电子和编程。到目前为止,我喜欢Python。我正在构建一个程序,通过tkinter GUI和DS18B20传感器显示整个房屋的温度。

我们将下面的程序拼凑在一起,从阅读书籍,在线研究和使用Stack Overflow解决问题(这个网站摇滚!)。

现在我们感到难过,我们不断收到间歇性错误,当我们在Raspberry上加载空闲后第一次运行程序时,它运行正常。

第二次以及随后的所有时间,我们收到以下错误消息:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/home/pi/Code-working-library/stackoverflow-paste.py", line 140, in <module>
    app.equipTemp.set(tempread)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/lib-tk/Tkinter.py", line 203, in set
    return self._tk.globalsetvar(self._name, value)
RuntimeError: main thread is not in main loop

注意,我们的理解是,为了获得一个静态窗口并更新标签更新的温度读取我们的传感器(DS18B20),我们需要使用一个线程。我们开始的示例代码包含_init_语句,前面和后面只有一个下划线 - 不知道为什么,如果我添加第二个下划线,我会收到错误消息。我们用作基础的更新窗口代码来自Raspberry Pi forum

这是我们的代码:

from Tkinter import *
import tkFont
import os
import glob
import time
import subprocess
import re
import sys
import time
import threading
import Image 
import ImageTk

os.system('modprobe w1-gpio')
os.system('modprobe w1-therm')

#28-000005c6ba08

sensors = ['28-000005c6ba08'] 
sensors1 = ['28-000005c70f69'] 

def read_temp_raw():
    catdata = subprocess.Popen(['cat',device_file], stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE)
    out,err = catdata.communicate()
    out_decode = out.decode('utf-8')
    lines = out_decode.split('\n')
    return lines

def read_temp():
    lines = read_temp_raw()
    while lines[0].strip()[-3:] != 'YES':
        time.sleep(0.2)
        lines = read_temp_raw()
    equals_pos = lines[1].find('t=')
    if equals_pos != -1:
        temp_string = lines[1][equals_pos+2:]
        temp_c = float(temp_string) / 1000.0
        temp_f = temp_c * 9.0 / 5.0 + 32.0
        return temp_f

###########  build window  ###################

bground="grey"


class App(threading.Thread):

    def _init_(self):    
        threading.Thread._init_(self)
        self.start()

    def callback(self):
        self.root.quit()        


    def run(self):

        #Make the window
        self.root = Tk() 
        self.root.wm_title("Home Management System")
        self.root.minsize(1440,1000)

        self.equipTemp = StringVar()   
        self.equipTemp1 = StringVar()
        self.equipTemp2 = StringVar()       

        self.customFont = tkFont.Font(family="Helvetica", size=16)

        #   1st floor Image
        img = Image.open("HOUSE-PLANS-01.png") 
        photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img)

        Label1=Label(self.root, image=photo)
        Label1.place(x=100, y=100)

        #   2nd floor
        img2 = Image.open("HOUSE-PLANS-02.png")
        photo2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img2)

        Label1=Label(self.root, image=photo2)
        Label1.place(x=600, y=100)

        #   Basement image
        img3 = Image.open("HOUSE-PLANS-03.png")
        photo3 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img3)

        Label1=Label(self.root, image=photo3)
        Label1.place(x=100, y=500)

        #   Attic Image
        img4 = Image.open("HOUSE-PLANS-04.png")
        photo4 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img4)

        Label1=Label(self.root, image=photo4)
        Label1.place(x=600, y=500)

        #   House Isometric Image
        img5 = Image.open("house-iso.png")
        photo5 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img5)

        Label1=Label(self.root, image=photo5)
        Label1.place(x=1080, y=130)

        #Garage Temp Label
        Label2=Label(self.root, textvariable=self.equipTemp, width=6, justify=RIGHT, font=self.customFont)
        Label2.place(x=315, y=265)



        print "start monitoring and updating the GUI"

        self.root.mainloop() #start monitoring and updating the GUI



###########  Start Loop    ###################

print "starting app"

app = App()
app.start()

print "app started"


###################  Begin ds18b20 function  ##############

while True:

    #   28-000005c6ba08
    i = "28-000005c6ba08"
    base_dir = '/sys/bus/w1/devices/'
    device_folder = glob.glob(base_dir + i)[0]
    device_file = device_folder + '/w1_slave'

    tempread=round(read_temp(),1)


    app.equipTemp.set(tempread)
    time.sleep(5)

    ##################### END ds18b20 Function  ######

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

您需要在主线程中运行GUI代码,并且您的温度读取代码需要位于后台线程中。在主线程中更新GUI是唯一安全的,因此您可以通过Queue将您从后台线程读取的温度数据传递回主线程,并使主线程使用self.root.after()定期检查队列中的数据:

from Tkinter import *
import tkFont
import os
import glob
import time
import threading
import Image 
import Queue


def update_temp(queue):
    """ Read the temp data. This runs in a background thread. """
    while True:
        #   28-000005c6ba08
        i = "28-000005c6ba08"
        base_dir = '/sys/bus/w1/devices/'
        device_folder = glob.glob(base_dir + i)[0]
        device_file = device_folder + '/w1_slave'

        tempread=round(read_temp(),1)

        # Pass the temp back to the main thread.
        queue.put(tempread)
        time.sleep(5)

class Gui(object):
    def __init__(self, queue):
        self.queue = queue

        #Make the window
        self.root = Tk() 
        self.root.wm_title("Home Management System")
        self.root.minsize(1440,1000)

        self.equipTemp = StringVar()   
        self.equipTemp1 = StringVar()
        self.equipTemp2 = StringVar()       

        self.customFont = tkFont.Font(family="Helvetica", size=16)

        #   1st floor Image
        img = Image.open("HOUSE-PLANS-01.png") 
        photo = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img)

        Label1=Label(self.root, image=photo)
        Label1.place(x=100, y=100)

        #   2nd floor
        img2 = Image.open("HOUSE-PLANS-02.png")
        photo2 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img2)

        Label1=Label(self.root, image=photo2)
        Label1.place(x=600, y=100)

        #   Basement image
        img3 = Image.open("HOUSE-PLANS-03.png")
        photo3 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img3)

        Label1=Label(self.root, image=photo3)
        Label1.place(x=100, y=500)

        #   Attic Image
        img4 = Image.open("HOUSE-PLANS-04.png")
        photo4 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img4)

        Label1=Label(self.root, image=photo4)
        Label1.place(x=600, y=500)

        #   House Isometric Image
        img5 = Image.open("house-iso.png")
        photo5 = ImageTk.PhotoImage(img5)

        Label1=Label(self.root, image=photo5)
        Label1.place(x=1080, y=130)

        #Garage Temp Label
        Label2=Label(self.root, textvariable=self.equipTemp, width=6, justify=RIGHT, font=self.customFont)
        Label2.place(x=315, y=265)

        print "start monitoring and updating the GUI"

        # Schedule read_queue to run in the main thread in one second.
        self.root.after(1000, self.read_queue)

    def read_queue(self):
        """ Check for updated temp data"""
        try:
            temp = self.queue.get_nowait()
            self.equipTemp.set(temp)
        except Queue.Empty:
            # It's ok if there's no data to read.
            # We'll just check again later.
            pass
        # Schedule read_queue again in one second.
        self.root.after(1000, self.read_queue)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    queue = Queue.Queue()
    # Start background thread to get temp data
    t = threading.Thread(target=update_temp, args=(queue,))
    t.start()
    print "starting app"
    # Build GUI object
    gui = Gui(queue)
    # Start mainloop
    gui.root.mainloop()

修改

在实际查看了tkinter源代码以及Python bug跟踪器之后,似乎与其他几乎所有GUI库不同,tkinter 旨在是线程安全的,只要你在应用程序的主线程中运行mainloop。有关详细信息,请参阅我添加here的答案,或直接查看有关tkinter在Python错误跟踪器here上的线程安全性的已解决问题。如果tkinter源和Python的bug跟踪器是正确的,那就意味着只要你在主线程中运行mainloop,你就可以直接从你的温度读取线程中调用gui.equipTemp.set() - 没有{{ 1}}必需。在我的测试中,确实可以正常工作。

答案 1 :(得分:2)

GUI工具包不是线程安全的。您只能从主线程构建和更改GUI。 由于读取温度的时间不长,您可以删除所有线程代码并使用Tk中的after - 方法。

您的read_temp_raw功能非常复杂:

def read_temp_raw():
    with open(device_file) as temp:
        return temp.read().split('\n')