如何在编译时将C字符串转换为int?

时间:2014-08-08 02:20:32

标签: c++ c++11 boost-mpl

我希望能够传递整数或双精度(或字符串)作为模板参数在某些情况下将结果转换为整数并将其用作模板参数在课堂上输入。

以下是我尝试的内容:

template <typename MPLString>
class A
{
    // the following works fine
    int fun()
    {
      // this function should return the int in the boost mpl type passed to it
      // (e.g. it might be of the form "123")
      return std::stoi(boost::mpl::c_str<MPLString>::value);
    }

    // the following breaks because std::stoi is not constexpr
    std::array<int, std::stoi(boost::mpl::c_str<MPLString>::value)> arr;
};

我能以某种方式这样做吗?我已尝试过std::stoiatoi,但constexpr都没有...有任何想法可以做到这一点(我无法将模板参数更改为直接取int,因为它可能是双倍的。)

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:13)

使用常规C字符串定义constexpr stoi并不太难。它可以定义如下:

constexpr bool is_digit(char c) {
    return c <= '9' && c >= '0';
}

constexpr int stoi_impl(const char* str, int value = 0) {
    return *str ?
            is_digit(*str) ?
                stoi_impl(str + 1, (*str - '0') + value * 10)
                : throw "compile-time-error: not a digit"
            : value;
}

constexpr int stoi(const char* str) {
    return stoi_impl(str);
}

int main() {
    static_assert(stoi("10") == 10, "...");
}

当在常量表达式中使用时,throw表达式无效,因此它将触发编译时错误而不是实际抛出。

答案 1 :(得分:1)

mystoi():

#include <cstdint>     // for int32_t
#include <iosfwd>      // for ptrdiff_t, size_t
#include <iterator>    // for size
#include <stdexcept>   // for invalid_argument
#include <string_view> // for string_view

constexpr std::int32_t mystoi(std::string_view str, std::size_t* pos = nullptr) {
    using namespace std::literals;
    const auto numbers = "0123456789"sv;

    const auto begin = str.find_first_of(numbers);
    if (begin == std::string_view::npos)
        throw std::invalid_argument{"stoi"};

    const auto sign = begin != 0U && str[begin - 1U] == '-' ? -1 : 1;
    str.remove_prefix(begin);

    const auto end = str.find_first_not_of(numbers);
    if (end != std::string_view::npos)
        str.remove_suffix(std::size(str) - end);

    auto result = 0;
    auto multiplier = 1U;
    for (std::ptrdiff_t i = std::size(str) - 1U; i >= 0; --i) {
        auto number = str[i] - '0';
        result += number * multiplier * sign;
        multiplier *= 10U;
    }

    if (pos != nullptr) *pos = begin + std::size(str);
    return result;
}

main():

int main() {
    static_assert(mystoi(" 0   ") == 0);
    static_assert(mystoi(" 1   ") == 1);
    static_assert(mystoi("-1   ") == -1);
    static_assert(mystoi(" 12  ") == 12);
    static_assert(mystoi("-12  ") == -12);
    static_assert(mystoi(" 123 ") == 123);
    static_assert(mystoi("-123 ") == -123);
    static_assert(mystoi(" 1234") == 1234);
    static_assert(mystoi("-1234") == -1234);
    static_assert(mystoi("2147483647") == 2147483647);
    static_assert(mystoi("-2147483648") == -2147483648);
}