在clang中使用std :: async的模板函数

时间:2014-08-07 14:50:28

标签: c++ gcc c++11 clang libstdc++

我正在查看std::async here的示例,如下所示:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <numeric>
#include <future>

template <typename RAIter>
int parallel_sum(RAIter beg, RAIter end)
{
    auto len = std::distance(beg, end);
    if(len < 1000)
        return std::accumulate(beg, end, 0);

    RAIter mid = beg + len/2;
    auto handle = std::async(std::launch::async,
                              parallel_sum<RAIter>, mid, end);
    int sum = parallel_sum(beg, mid);
    return sum + handle.get();
}

int main()
{
    std::vector<int> v(10000, 1);
    std::cout << "The sum is " << parallel_sum(v.begin(), v.end()) << '\n';
}

我尝试使用Clang 3.4的Web编译器进行编译,结果输出The sum is而不是预期的The sum is 1000

我复制了这个例子并使用以下命令在64位Ubuntu 14.04.1上用clang 3.5-1ubuntu1 / gcc 4.8编译:

clang++ -g main.cpp -std=c++1y -o out -pthread;

我收到以下错误:

main.cpp:15:19: error: no matching function for call to 'async'

    auto handle = std::async(std::launch::async,
                  ^~~~~~~~~~
main.cpp:24:35: note: in instantiation of function template specialization
      'parallel_sum<__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<int *, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> >
      > >' requested here
    std::cout << "The sum is " << parallel_sum(v.begin(), v.end()) << '\n';
                                  ^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../include/c++/4.8/future:1523:5: note: 
      candidate template ignored: substitution failure [with _Fn = int
      (__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<int *, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > >,
      __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<int *, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > >), _Args =
      <__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<int *, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > > &,
      __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<int *, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > > &>]:
      function cannot return function type 'int (__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<int *,
      std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > >, __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<int *,
      std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > >)'
    async(launch __policy, _Fn&& __fn, _Args&&... __args)
    ^
/usr/bin/../lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/4.8/../../../../include/c++/4.8/future:1543:5: note: 
      candidate template ignored: substitution failure [with _Fn = std::launch, _Args = <int
      (__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<int *, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > >,
      __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<int *, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > >),
      __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<int *, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > > &,
      __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<int *, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > > &>]: no
      type named 'type' in 'std::result_of<std::launch (int
      (*)(__gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<int *, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > >,
      __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<int *, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > >),
      __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<int *, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > > &,
      __gnu_cxx::__normal_iterator<int *, std::vector<int, std::allocator<int> > > &)>'
    async(_Fn&& __fn, _Args&&... __args)
    ^
1 error generated.
make: *** [all] Error 1

这是clang,gcc,libstdc ++中的错误,还是我错过了什么?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

我认为这是clang ++中的一个错误。除非有一个我不知道的奇怪的限制规则,否则引用函数的id表达式是左值。但是,clang ++在对通用引用的推导中区分了函数模板特化和普通函数:

#include <iostream>

template<class T>
void print_type()
{
    std::cout << __PRETTY_FUNCTION__ << "\n";
}

template <class T>
int foo(bool) { return 42; }

int bar(bool) { return 42; }

template<class T>
void deduce(T&&)
{
    print_type<T>();
}

int main()
{
    deduce(foo<bool>);
    deduce(bar);
}

输出,clang ++直到并包括早期的3.5:

void print_type() [T = int (bool)]
void print_type() [T = int (&)(bool)]

Live example


在libstdc ++的std::result_of实现中使用

std::async来获取函数的返回类型(snippet from here):

template<typename _Fn, typename... _Args>
future<typename result_of<_Fn(_Args...)>::type>
async(launch __policy, _Fn&& __fn, _Args&&... __args)

如果我们将foo<bool>作为第二个参数传递,则clang ++推断_Fn == int (bool)

函数(对象)的类型与result_of的参数类型相结合。这可能是C ++ 03的遗留物,我们还没有可变参数模板。如果result_of是类类型,则传递参数类型以允许operator()解析重载函数,例如重载_Fn

但是,如果_Fn不是函数引用而是函数类型,则组合_Fn(_Args...)形成非法类型:函数返回函数:

     _Fn           == int(bool)
     _Args...      == bool
==>  _Fn(_Args...) == int(bool)(bool)

但还有更多内容:async的上述声明有缺陷,请参阅LWG 2021Howard Hinnant changed the declaration in libc++来:

template <class F, class... Args>
future < typename result_of<
             typename decay<F>::type(typename decay<Args>::type...)
         >::type
       >
async(launch policy, F&& f, Args&&... args);

所以libc ++将函数衰减到函数指针。缺少左值参考引起的问题消失了。