假设我有一张带有黑色填充矩形的扫描纸,我想要定位所有这些矩形,得到它们的坐标(X和Y)及其尺寸(宽度和高度)。
有没有准确的算法可以满足我的需求?我是Javascript和Canvas的像素处理新手,我需要一些帮助。提前谢谢!
答案 0 :(得分:2)
识别所有黑色矩形的x,y,宽度和高度包括以下步骤:
使用context.getImageData
获取画布上所有r,g,b,像素信息的数组。
扫描像素颜色以找到任何一个黑色像素。
找到包含该黑色像素的黑色矩形的边界框。
该边界框将为您提供一个黑色矩形的x,y,宽度和高度。
清除黑色矩形,以便在搜索下一个黑色矩形时找不到它。
重复步骤#1,直到识别出所有矩形。
以下是示例代码和演示:http://jsfiddle.net/m1erickson/3m0dL368/
<!doctype html>
<html>
<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="css/reset.css" /> <!-- reset css -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery.min.js"></script>
<style>
body{ background-color: ivory; }
canvas{border:1px solid red;}
#clips{border:1px solid blue; padding:5px;}
img{margin:3px;}
</style>
<script>
$(function(){
var canvas=document.getElementById("canvas");
var ctx=canvas.getContext("2d");
var cw,ch;
// background definition
// OPTION: look at the top-left pixel and assume == background
// then set these vars automatically
var isTransparent=false;
var bkColor={r:255,g:255,b:255};
var bkFillColor="rgb("+bkColor.r+","+bkColor.g+","+bkColor.b+")";
cw=canvas.width;
ch=canvas.height;
ctx.fillStyle="white";
ctx.fillRect(0,0,canvas.width,canvas.height);
drawTestRect(30,30,50,50,"1");
drawTestRect(100,30,50,50,"2");
drawTestRect(170,30,50,50,"3");
function drawTestRect(x,y,w,h,label){
ctx.fillStyle="black";
ctx.fillRect(x,y,w,h);
ctx.fillStyle="white";
ctx.font="24px verdana";
ctx.fillText(label,x+10,y+25);
}
function clipBox(data){
var pos=findEdge(data);
if(!pos.valid){return;}
var bb=findBoundary(pos,data);
alert("Found target at "+bb.x+"/"+bb.y+", size: "+bb.width+"/"+bb.height);
clipToImage(bb.x,bb.y,bb.width,bb.height);
if(isTransparent){
// clear the clipped area
// plus a few pixels to clear any anti-aliasing
ctx.clearRect(bb.x-2,bb.y-2,bb.width+4,bb.height+4);
}else{
// fill the clipped area with the bkColor
// plus a few pixels to clear any anti-aliasing
ctx.fillStyle=bkFillColor;
ctx.fillRect(bb.x-2,bb.y-2,bb.width+4,bb.height+4);
}
}
function xyIsInImage(data,x,y){
// find the starting index of the r,g,b,a of pixel x,y
var start=(y*cw+x)*4;
if(isTransparent){
return(data[start+3]>25);
}else{
var r=data[start+0];
var g=data[start+1];
var b=data[start+2];
var a=data[start+3]; // pixel alpha (opacity)
var deltaR=Math.abs(bkColor.r-r);
var deltaG=Math.abs(bkColor.g-g);
var deltaB=Math.abs(bkColor.b-b);
return(!(deltaR<5 && deltaG<5 && deltaB<5 && a>25));
}
}
function findEdge(data){
for(var y=0;y<ch;y++){
for(var x=0;x<cw;x++){
if(xyIsInImage(data,x,y)){
return({x:x,y:y,valid:true});
}
}}
return({x:-100,y:-100,valid:false});
}
function findBoundary(pos,data){
var x0=x1=pos.x;
var y0=y1=pos.y;
while(y1<=ch && xyIsInImage(data,x1,y1)){y1++;}
var x2=x1;
var y2=y1-1;
while(x2<=cw && xyIsInImage(data,x2,y2)){x2++;}
return({x:x0,y:y0,width:x2-x0,height:y2-y0+1});
}
function drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2){
ctx.beginPath();
ctx.moveTo(x1,y1);
ctx.lineTo(x2,y2);
ctx.strokeStyle="red";
ctx.lineWidth=0.50;
ctx.stroke();
}
function clipToImage(x,y,w,h){
// don't save anti-alias slivers
if(w<3 || h<3){ return; }
// save clipped area to an img element
var tempCanvas=document.createElement("canvas");
var tempCtx=tempCanvas.getContext("2d");
tempCanvas.width=w;
tempCanvas.height=h;
tempCtx.drawImage(canvas,x,y,w,h,0,0,w,h);
var image=new Image();
image.width=w;
image.height=h;
image.src=tempCanvas.toDataURL();
$("#clips").append(image);
}
$("#unbox").click(function(){
var imgData=ctx.getImageData(0,0,cw,ch);
var data=imgData.data;
clipBox(data);
});
}); // end $(function(){});
</script>
</head>
<body>
<button id="unbox">Clip next sub-image</button><br>
<canvas id="canvas" width=300 height=150></canvas><br>
<h4>Below are images clipped from the canvas above.</h4><br>
<div id="clips"></div>
</body>
</html>