找到画布中的所有黑色矩形

时间:2014-08-06 20:06:46

标签: javascript html5-canvas

假设我有一张带有黑色填充矩形的扫描纸,我想要定位所有这些矩形,得到它们的坐标(X和Y)及其尺寸(宽度和高度)。

有没有准确的算法可以满足我的需求?我是Javascript和Canvas的像素处理新手,我需要一些帮助。提前谢谢!

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:2)

识别所有黑色矩形的x,y,宽度和高度包括以下步骤:

  1. 使用context.getImageData获取画布上所有r,g,b,像素信息的数组。

  2. 扫描像素颜色以找到任何一个黑色像素。

  3. 找到包含该黑色像素的黑色矩形的边界框。

  4. 该边界框将为您提供一个黑色矩形的x,y,宽度和高度。

  5. 清除黑色矩形,以便在搜索下一个黑色矩形时找不到它。

  6. 重复步骤#1,直到识别出所有矩形。

  7. 以下是示例代码和演示:http://jsfiddle.net/m1erickson/3m0dL368/

    <!doctype html>
    <html>
    <head>
    <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="all" href="css/reset.css" /> <!-- reset css -->
    <script type="text/javascript" src="http://code.jquery.com/jquery.min.js"></script>
    <style>
        body{ background-color: ivory; }
        canvas{border:1px solid red;}
        #clips{border:1px solid blue; padding:5px;}
        img{margin:3px;}        
    </style>
    <script>
    $(function(){
    
        var canvas=document.getElementById("canvas");
        var ctx=canvas.getContext("2d");
        var cw,ch;        
    
        // background definition
        // OPTION: look at the top-left pixel and assume == background
        //         then set these vars automatically
        var isTransparent=false;
        var bkColor={r:255,g:255,b:255};
        var bkFillColor="rgb("+bkColor.r+","+bkColor.g+","+bkColor.b+")";
    
        cw=canvas.width;
        ch=canvas.height;
        ctx.fillStyle="white";
        ctx.fillRect(0,0,canvas.width,canvas.height);
        drawTestRect(30,30,50,50,"1");
        drawTestRect(100,30,50,50,"2");
        drawTestRect(170,30,50,50,"3");
    
        function drawTestRect(x,y,w,h,label){
            ctx.fillStyle="black";
            ctx.fillRect(x,y,w,h);
            ctx.fillStyle="white";
            ctx.font="24px verdana";
            ctx.fillText(label,x+10,y+25);        
        }
    
        function clipBox(data){
            var pos=findEdge(data);
            if(!pos.valid){return;}
            var bb=findBoundary(pos,data);
            alert("Found target at "+bb.x+"/"+bb.y+", size: "+bb.width+"/"+bb.height);            
            clipToImage(bb.x,bb.y,bb.width,bb.height);
            if(isTransparent){
                // clear the clipped area
                // plus a few pixels to clear any anti-aliasing
                ctx.clearRect(bb.x-2,bb.y-2,bb.width+4,bb.height+4);
            }else{
                // fill the clipped area with the bkColor
                // plus a few pixels to clear any anti-aliasing
                ctx.fillStyle=bkFillColor;
                ctx.fillRect(bb.x-2,bb.y-2,bb.width+4,bb.height+4);
            }
        }
    
        function xyIsInImage(data,x,y){
            // find the starting index of the r,g,b,a of pixel x,y
            var start=(y*cw+x)*4;
            if(isTransparent){
                return(data[start+3]>25);
            }else{
                var r=data[start+0];
                var g=data[start+1];
                var b=data[start+2];
                var a=data[start+3];  // pixel alpha (opacity)
                var deltaR=Math.abs(bkColor.r-r);
                var deltaG=Math.abs(bkColor.g-g);
                var deltaB=Math.abs(bkColor.b-b);
                return(!(deltaR<5 && deltaG<5 && deltaB<5 && a>25));
            }
        }
    
        function findEdge(data){
            for(var y=0;y<ch;y++){
            for(var x=0;x<cw;x++){
                if(xyIsInImage(data,x,y)){
                    return({x:x,y:y,valid:true});
                }
            }}
            return({x:-100,y:-100,valid:false});
        }
    
        function findBoundary(pos,data){
            var x0=x1=pos.x;
            var y0=y1=pos.y;
            while(y1<=ch && xyIsInImage(data,x1,y1)){y1++;}
            var x2=x1;
            var y2=y1-1;
            while(x2<=cw && xyIsInImage(data,x2,y2)){x2++;}
            return({x:x0,y:y0,width:x2-x0,height:y2-y0+1});
        }
    
        function drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2){
            ctx.beginPath();
            ctx.moveTo(x1,y1);
            ctx.lineTo(x2,y2);
            ctx.strokeStyle="red";
            ctx.lineWidth=0.50;
            ctx.stroke();
        }
    
        function clipToImage(x,y,w,h){
            // don't save anti-alias slivers
            if(w<3 || h<3){ return; }
            // save clipped area to an img element
            var tempCanvas=document.createElement("canvas");
            var tempCtx=tempCanvas.getContext("2d");
            tempCanvas.width=w;
            tempCanvas.height=h;
            tempCtx.drawImage(canvas,x,y,w,h,0,0,w,h);
            var image=new Image();
            image.width=w;
            image.height=h;
            image.src=tempCanvas.toDataURL();
            $("#clips").append(image);
        }
    
        $("#unbox").click(function(){
            var imgData=ctx.getImageData(0,0,cw,ch);
            var data=imgData.data;
            clipBox(data);
        });
    
    }); // end $(function(){});
    </script>
    </head>
    <body>
        <button id="unbox">Clip next sub-image</button><br>
        <canvas id="canvas" width=300 height=150></canvas><br>
        <h4>Below are images clipped from the canvas above.</h4><br>
        <div id="clips"></div>
    </body>
    </html>