绑定键以使用tkinter启动和停止

Question

如果我想使用键而不是按钮我应该如何以及在何处绑定它们？ 蒂姆帮助我解决了调整大小问题，但我的简单代码变得相当复杂。我正在玩游戏并且已经与python一起出现了。我的目标是使用按钮废弃并绑定一些键来启动/停止和闪烁 我应该为这些功能创建一个新的类还是主要的？ 另外，如果我想在开始时全屏显示最好将overideredirect弹出到我的重绘类中？

import tkinter
import time

class ReDraw():
    def __init__(self):
        self._tk = tkinter.Tk()

        self._myframe = tkinter.Frame(master = self._tk)
        self._myframe.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = tkinter.NSEW)

        self._mycanvas = tkinter.Canvas(master = self._tk, width = 850, height = 400, bg = 'grey', highlightthickness = 0)
        self._mycanvas.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = tkinter.NSEW) 

        self._mycanvas.bind("<Configure>", self._on_resize)

        self._tk.rowconfigure(0, weight = 1)
        self._tk.columnconfigure(0, weight = 1)

        self.fracX = 1
        self.fracY = 1

        self._oval1 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(50*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,160*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval1')
        self._oval2 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(210*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,320*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval2')
        self._oval3 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(370*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,480*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval3')
        self._oval4 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(530*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,640*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval4')
        self._oval5 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(690*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,800*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval5')

    def _on_resize(self, event):
        self._mycanvas.delete(tkinter.ALL)
        self.fracX = event.width/850
        self.fracY = event.height/400
        self._oval1 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(50*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,160*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval1')
        self._oval2 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(210*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,320*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval2')
        self._oval3 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(370*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,480*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval3')
        self._oval4 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(530*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,640*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval4')
        self._oval5 = self._mycanvas.create_oval(690*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,800*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval5')

def main():
    canvas = ReDraw()
    # Some widgets to the canvas
    def red0(a):
        for i in range(a):
            canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval1')
            canvas._oval1 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(50*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,160*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval1') 
            canvas._tk.update()
            time.sleep(0.05)            
    def red1(a):
        for i in range(a):
            canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval1')
            canvas._oval1 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(50*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,160*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval1') 
            canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval2')
            canvas._oval2 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(210*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,320*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval2') 
            canvas._tk.update()
            time.sleep(0.05)                
    def red2(a):
        for i in range(a):
            canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval1')
            canvas._oval1 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(50*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,160*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval1') 
            canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval2')
            canvas._oval2 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(210*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,320*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval2') 
            canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval3')
            canvas._oval3 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(370*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,480*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval3') 
            canvas._tk.update()
            time.sleep(0.05)                 
    def red3(a):
        for i in range(a):
            canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval1')
            canvas._oval1 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(50*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,160*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval1') 
            canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval2')
            canvas._oval2 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(210*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,320*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval2') 
            canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval3')
            canvas._oval3 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(370*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,480*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval3') 
            canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval4')
            canvas._oval4 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(530*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,640*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval4') 
            canvas._tk.update()
            time.sleep(0.05)                
    def red4(a):
        for i in range(a):
            canvas._mycanvas.delete('oval5')
            canvas._oval5 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(690*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,800*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval5') 
            canvas._tk.update()
            time.sleep(0.05)     
    def green(a):
        for i in range(a):
            canvas._mycanvas.delete(tkinter.ALL)
            canvas._oval1 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(50*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,160*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="green", tags = 'oval1')
            canvas._oval2 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(210*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,320*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="green", tags = 'oval2')
            canvas._oval3 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(370*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,480*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="green", tags = 'oval3')
            canvas._oval4 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(530*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,640*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="green", tags = 'oval4')
            canvas._oval5 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(690*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,800*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="green", tags = 'oval5')
            canvas._tk.update()
            time.sleep(0.05)
    def lights():
        canvas._mycanvas.delete(tkinter.ALL)
        canvas._oval1 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(50*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,160*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval1')
        canvas._oval2 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(210*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,320*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval2')
        canvas._oval3 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(370*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,480*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval3')
        canvas._oval4 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(530*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,640*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval4')
        canvas._oval5 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(690*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,800*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval5')
        canvas._tk.update()
    def lights1(a):
        for i in range(a):
            canvas._mycanvas.delete(tkinter.ALL)
            canvas._oval1 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(50*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,160*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval1')
            canvas._oval2 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(210*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,320*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval2')
            canvas._oval3 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(370*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,480*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval3')
            canvas._oval4 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(530*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,640*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval4')
            canvas._oval5 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(690*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,800*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval5')
            canvas._tk.update()
            time.sleep(0.05)
    def amber(a):
        for i in range(a):
            canvas._mycanvas.delete(tkinter.ALL)
            canvas._oval1 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(50*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,160*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="yellow", tags = 'oval1')
            canvas._oval2 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(210*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,320*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="yellow", tags = 'oval2')
            canvas._oval3 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(370*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,480*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="yellow", tags = 'oval3')
            canvas._oval4 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(530*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,640*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="yellow", tags = 'oval4')
            canvas._oval5 = canvas._mycanvas.create_oval(690*canvas.fracX,50*canvas.fracY,800*canvas.fracX,160*canvas.fracY, fill="yellow", tags = 'oval5')
            canvas._tk.update()
            time.sleep(0.05)
    # tag all of the drawn widgets
    def flashing():
        while True:
            amber(12)
            lights1(10)

    def stop():
        while True:
            canvas._mycanvas.delete(tkinter.ALL)
            lights()
            canvas._tk.update()            

    def start():
        while True:
            canvas._mycanvas.delete(tkinter.ALL)
            lights()
            canvas._tk.update()
            lights1(20)
            red0(35)
            red1(35)
            red2(35)
            red3(35)
            red4(35)
            green(90)
            lights()
            break



    canvas._but1 = tkinter.Button(text="start", command=start)
    canvas._but1.grid(row = 2, column = 0, sticky="w")
    canvas._but2 = tkinter.Button(text="amber", command=flashing)
    canvas._but2.grid(row = 2, sticky="w", padx=(80))
    canvas._but1 = tkinter.Button(text="stop", command=stop)
    canvas._but1.grid(row = 2, column = 0, sticky="w", padx=(40))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

作为一个快速的例子来理解这样的事情......

import tkinter

class ReDraw():
        def __init__(self):
            self._tk = tkinter.Tk()

            self._myframe = tkinter.Frame(master = self._tk)
            self._myframe.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = tkinter.NSEW)

class main(tk.Frame):
    def main(tk.Frame):
         canvas._but1 = tkinter.Button(text="start", command=start)
         canvas._but1.grid(row = 2, column = 0, sticky="w")

class MyCanvas(tkinter.Canvas):
    def MyCanvas(tkinter.Canvas)
        canvas = ReDraw()
        # Some widgets to the canvas
        def red0(a):

Answer 1

您可以使用Main(tk.Frame)和tkinter.Tk创建课程Frame，使用画布创建所有功能的第二课MyCanvas(tkinter.Canvas)。

---

修改

它仍然不是我想的，但至少它起作用。

import Tkinter as tk
import time

class App():

    def __init__(self):

        self._tk = tk.Tk()

        self._tk.rowconfigure(0, weight = 1)
        self._tk.columnconfigure(0, weight = 1)

        self._myframe = tk.Frame(master = self._tk)
        self._myframe.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = tk.NSEW)

        self._mycanvas = MyCanvas(self._tk)

        self._tk._but1 = tk.Button(self._tk, text="start", command=self._mycanvas.start)
        self._tk._but1.grid(row = 2, column = 0, sticky="w")
        self._tk._but2 = tk.Button(self._tk, text="amber", command=self._mycanvas.flashing)
        self._tk._but2.grid(row = 2, sticky="w", padx=(80))
        self._tk._but1 = tk.Button(self._tk, text="stop", command=self._mycanvas.stop)
        self._tk._but1.grid(row = 2, column = 0, sticky="w", padx=(40))

        self._tk.bind("s", self._mycanvas.start)
        self._tk.bind("w", self._mycanvas.stop)

        self._tk.mainloop()


class MyCanvas():

    def __init__(self, parent):

        self.parent = parent

        self._myself = tk.Canvas(master = parent, width = 850, height = 400, bg = 'grey', highlightthickness = 0)
        self._myself.grid(row = 0, column = 0, sticky = tk.NSEW) 

        self.fracX = 1
        self.fracY = 1

        self._oval1 = self._myself.create_oval(50*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,160*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval1')
        self._oval2 = self._myself.create_oval(210*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,320*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval2')
        self._oval3 = self._myself.create_oval(370*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,480*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval3')
        self._oval4 = self._myself.create_oval(530*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,640*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval4')
        self._oval5 = self._myself.create_oval(690*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,800*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval5')

        self._started = False

        self._myself.bind("<Configure>", self._on_resize)

    def _on_resize(self, event):

        self._myself.delete(tk.ALL)

        self.fracX = event.width/850
        self.fracY = event.height/400

        self._oval1 = self._myself.create_oval(50*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,160*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval1')
        self._oval2 = self._myself.create_oval(210*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,320*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval2')
        self._oval3 = self._myself.create_oval(370*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,480*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval3')
        self._oval4 = self._myself.create_oval(530*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,640*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval4')
        self._oval5 = self._myself.create_oval(690*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,800*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval5')

    # Some widgets to the canvas
    def red0(self, a):
        for i in range(a):
            self._myself.delete('oval1')
            self._oval1 = self._myself.create_oval(50*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,160*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval1') 
            self.parent.update()
            time.sleep(0.05)           

    def red1(self, a):
        for i in range(a):
            self._myself.delete('oval1')
            self._oval1 = self._myself.create_oval(50*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,160*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval1') 
            self._myself.delete('oval2')
            self._oval2 = self._myself.create_oval(210*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,320*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval2') 
            self.parent.update()
            time.sleep(0.05)

    def red2(self, a):
        for i in range(a):
            self._myself.delete('oval1')
            self._oval1 = self._myself.create_oval(50*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,160*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval1') 
            self._myself.delete('oval2')
            self._oval2 = self._myself.create_oval(210*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,320*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval2') 
            self._myself.delete('oval3')
            self._oval3 = self._myself.create_oval(370*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,480*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval3') 
            self.parent.update()
            time.sleep(0.05)                 

    def red3(self, a):
        for i in range(a):
            self._myself.delete('oval1')
            self._oval1 = self._myself.create_oval(50*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,160*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval1') 
            self._myself.delete('oval2')
            self._oval2 = self._myself.create_oval(210*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,320*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval2') 
            self._myself.delete('oval3')
            self._oval3 = self._myself.create_oval(370*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,480*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval3') 
            self._myself.delete('oval4')
            self._oval4 = self._myself.create_oval(530*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,640*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval4') 
            self.parent.update()
            time.sleep(0.05)                

    def red4(self, a):
        for i in range(a):
            self._myself.delete('oval5')
            self._oval5 = self._myself.create_oval(690*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,800*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="red", tags = 'oval5') 
            self.parent.update()
            time.sleep(0.05)     

    def green(self, a):
        for i in range(a):
            self._myself.delete(tk.ALL)
            self._oval1 = self._myself.create_oval(50*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,160*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="green", tags = 'oval1')
            self._oval2 = self._myself.create_oval(210*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,320*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="green", tags = 'oval2')
            self._oval3 = self._myself.create_oval(370*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,480*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="green", tags = 'oval3')
            self._oval4 = self._myself.create_oval(530*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,640*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="green", tags = 'oval4')
            self._oval5 = self._myself.create_oval(690*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,800*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="green", tags = 'oval5')
            self.parent.update()
            time.sleep(0.05)

    def lights(self):
        self._myself.delete(tk.ALL)
        self._oval1 = self._myself.create_oval(50*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,160*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval1')
        self._oval2 = self._myself.create_oval(210*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,320*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval2')
        self._oval3 = self._myself.create_oval(370*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,480*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval3')
        self._oval4 = self._myself.create_oval(530*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,640*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval4')
        self._oval5 = self._myself.create_oval(690*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,800*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval5')
        self.parent.update()

    def lights1(self, a):
        for i in range(a):
            self._myself.delete(tk.ALL)
            self._oval1 = self._myself.create_oval(50*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,160*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval1')
            self._oval2 = self._myself.create_oval(210*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,320*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval2')
            self._oval3 = self._myself.create_oval(370*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,480*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval3')
            self._oval4 = self._myself.create_oval(530*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,640*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval4')
            self._oval5 = self._myself.create_oval(690*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,800*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="black", tags = 'oval5')
            self.parent.update()
            time.sleep(0.05)

    def amber(self, a):
        for i in range(a):
            self._myself.delete(tk.ALL)
            self._oval1 = self._myself.create_oval(50*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,160*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="yellow", tags = 'oval1')
            self._oval2 = self._myself.create_oval(210*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,320*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="yellow", tags = 'oval2')
            self._oval3 = self._myself.create_oval(370*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,480*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="yellow", tags = 'oval3')
            self._oval4 = self._myself.create_oval(530*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,640*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="yellow", tags = 'oval4')
            self._oval5 = self._myself.create_oval(690*self.fracX,50*self.fracY,800*self.fracX,160*self.fracY, fill="yellow", tags = 'oval5')
            self.parent.update()
            time.sleep(0.05)

    # tag all of the drawn widgets
    def flashing(self):
        if not self._started:
            self.amber(12)
            self.lights1(10)
        self._myself.after(100, self.flashing)

    def stop(self, extra=None):
        if self._started:
            self._started = False
            self._myself.delete(tk.ALL)
            self.parent.update()            

    def start(self, extra=None):
        if not self._started:
            self._started = True
            self._myself.delete(tk.ALL)
            self.lights()
            self.lights1(20)
            self.red0(35)
            self.red1(35)
            self.red2(35)
            self.red3(35)
            self.red4(35)
            self.green(90)
            self.lights()

#----------------------------------------------------------------------

if __name__ == "__main__":
    App()

---

class MyCanvas():应为class MyCanvas(tk>Canvas):，然后您需要tk.Canvas.__init__(...)中的MyCanvas.__init__(...)，而您不需要self._myself = tk.Canvas(...)，self已经画布（代替self._myself）。