我一直试图在Python中创建一个简单的链表实现作为代码练习,尽管我有大部分工作(插入,删除,漂亮打印,交换两个节点的内容),我和#39;已经被困在交换两个节点几天了。
我在互联网上四处看看,大多数人似乎建议删除/插入节点或交换数据。两者都是非常精细和功能性的选项,但我想挑战自己,看看我是否可以交换节点"纠正"办法。
理想情况下,我希望有一个可以处理所有边缘情况的通用函数(移动到开始,结束和交换随机节点)。事实证明,这比我预期的更具挑战性。
我用笔和纸进行了一些实验并搜索了一下,我找到了以下讨论和示例实现:
我遇到的问题是我的node1.next
和我的node2.prev
被交换了,我的node2.next
引用了自己,而不是列表中的下一个节点。
示例实现页面上的注释专门解决了这个问题,并提到它的实现不应该发生。
我似乎无法弄清楚我做错了什么。我想我可以"欺骗"并强制他们在结尾处采用正确的值,但是当节点是第一个/最后一个时,这会产生很多问题。
__author__ = 'laurens'
from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist
import logging
import copy
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class DoublyLinkedList(object):
"""This class implements a basic doubly linked list in Django, it depends
on a Django model with the following field:
id : PK
prev: integer previous node
data_field: Foreign key
next: integer next node
the prev and next fields don't need to be self-referencing
When instantiating the class you have to link this class to a Django model
and specify a data field. The data field can link to a foreign key
or contain data
"""
def __init__(self, doubly_linked_list_model, data_field):
self.doubly_linked_list_model = doubly_linked_list_model
self.data_field = data_field
def get_node_from_node_id(self, node_id=None):
"""This function returns the node associated with a certain node_id"""
if node_id is None:
node = None
else:
try:
node = self.doubly_linked_list_model.get(id=node_id)
except ObjectDoesNotExist:
node = None
return node
@staticmethod
def _update_node(node, prev=None, next=None):
node.prev = prev
node.next = next
logger.debug('updating node: %s', node.id)
logger.debug('node.prev = %s', node.prev)
logger.debug('node.next = %s', node.next)
try:
node.save()
except Exception as e: #Todo: specify this
logger.debug('Error saving node: %s', node.id)
def move_node(self, node1=None, node2=None):
"""
This function swaps the position of node1 with the position of node2
"""
#swapping two nodes!
logger.debug('Swapping two random nodes!: %s, %s', node1.id, node2.id)
# Swapping next nodes
logger.debug('Swapping next node')
tmp = copy.deepcopy(node1.next)
self._update_node(node=node1,
prev=node1.prev,
next=node2.next)
#Todo: Check if tmp changes or is stored as a copy
self._update_node(node=node2,
prev=node2.prev,
next=tmp)
if node1.next is not None:
logger.debug('Connect the next node to node 1')
node_next = self.get_node_from_node_id(node1.next)
self._update_node(node=node_next,
prev=node1.id,
next=node_next.next)
if node2.next is not None:
logger.debug('Connect the next node to node 2')
node_next = self.get_node_from_node_id(node2.next)
self._update_node(node=node_next,
prev=node2.id,
next=node_next.next)
logger.debug('Swap prev nodes')
tmp = copy.deepcopy(node1.prev)
self._update_node(node=node1,
prev=node2.prev,
next=node1.next)
self._update_node(node=node2,
prev=tmp,
next=node2.next)
# Connect the node before node1 to node 1
if node1.prev is not None:
logger.debug('Connect the prev to node 1')
node_prev = self.get_node_from_node_id(node1.prev)
self._update_node(node=node_prev,
prev=node_prev.prev,
next=node1.id)
# Connect the node before node2 to node 2
if node2.prev is not None:
logger.debug('Connect the prev to node 2')
node_prev = self.get_node_from_node_id(node2.prev)
self._update_node(node=node_prev,
prev=node_prev.prev,
next=node2.id)
_update_node function
只是接受我的输入并将其提交到数据库;它可以处理None
个值。
get_node_from_node_id
接受一个整数作为输入,并返回与之关联的节点对象。我使用它,以便我不必在数据库中使用自引用外键(这是正确的术语吗?),现在我想继续以这种方式工作。一旦我完成了这项工作,我将继续以正确的方式将其修复到数据库中。
答案 0 :(得分:1)
提示:当我提供a minimal, complete, verifiable example (MCVE)时,我会更快地得到很多的答案,也称为short, self-contained, compilable example (SSCCE)。
您的示例代码无法证明问题,因此我们无法为您提供帮助。 请让我们帮助您。
我运行了你的示例代码,但我没有看到任何输出。
我遇到的问题是...我的node2.next引用自身和 不到列表中的下一个节点。
为什么node2.next引用node2有问题?
据我所知,到目前为止你给我们的代码部分工作得很好。
我曾经遇到过的一些最困难的调试会议,只有当我意识到一切都在正常工作时,我认为我正在寻找的“错误”实际上并不存在。
是的,在算法中途有一个中间步骤,节点引用自身,这看起来可能显然是错误的。
然后算法的后半部分进行了进一步的更改。 到算法结束时,
这不是你想要的吗?
当我运行以下测试脚本时,我得到了很多输出 - 但我没有看到输出有任何问题。 (我使用带有整数索引的简单数组而不是真正的指针或引用,以使代码与SQL数据库相比更短,更容易调试。)
您是否介意指出哪一行输出不符合您的预期,并说明您对该输出线的预期实际说法?
#!/usr/bin/env python
# https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24610889/trying-to-write-a-swap-position-function-for-a-doubly-linked-list
# Is this the shortest possible program that exhibits the bug?
# Before running this probram, you may need to install
# sudo apt-get install python-django
# 2015-03-12: David added some test scaffolding
# 2014-07-07: Laurens posted to StackOverflow
__author__ = 'laurens'
from django.core.exceptions import ObjectDoesNotExist
import logging
import copy
logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
class DoublyLinkedList(object):
"""This class implements a basic doubly linked list in Django, it depends
on a Django model with the following field:
id : PK
prev: integer previous node
data_field: Foreign key
next: integer next node
the prev and next fields don't need to be self-referencing
When instantiating the class you have to link this class to a Django model
and specify a data field. The data field can link to a foreign key
or contain data
"""
def __init__(self, doubly_linked_list_model, data_field):
self.doubly_linked_list_model = doubly_linked_list_model
self.data_field = data_field
def get_node_from_node_id(self, node_id=None):
"""This function returns the node associated with a certain node_id"""
if node_id is None:
node = None
else:
try:
node = self.doubly_linked_list_model.get(id=node_id)
except ObjectDoesNotExist:
node = None
return node
@staticmethod
def _update_node(node, prev=None, next=None):
node.prev = prev
node.next = next
logger.debug('updating node: %s', node.id)
logger.debug('node.prev = %s', node.prev)
logger.debug('node.next = %s', node.next)
try:
node.save()
except Exception as e: #Todo: specify this
logger.debug('Error saving node: %s', node.id)
def move_node(self, node1=None, node2=None):
"""
This function swaps the position of node1 with the position of node2
"""
#swapping two nodes!
logger.debug('Swapping two random nodes!: %s, %s', node1.id, node2.id)
# Swapping next nodes
logger.debug('Swapping next node')
tmp = copy.deepcopy(node1.next)
self._update_node(node=node1,
prev=node1.prev,
next=node2.next)
#Todo: Check if tmp changes or is stored as a copy
self._update_node(node=node2,
prev=node2.prev,
next=tmp)
if node1.next is not None:
logger.debug('Connect the next node to node 1')
node_next = self.get_node_from_node_id(node1.next)
self._update_node(node=node_next,
prev=node1.id,
next=node_next.next)
if node2.next is not None:
logger.debug('Connect the next node to node 2')
node_next = self.get_node_from_node_id(node2.next)
self._update_node(node=node_next,
prev=node2.id,
next=node_next.next)
logger.debug('Swap prev nodes')
tmp = copy.deepcopy(node1.prev)
self._update_node(node=node1,
prev=node2.prev,
next=node1.next)
self._update_node(node=node2,
prev=tmp,
next=node2.next)
# Connect the node before node1 to node 1
if node1.prev is not None:
logger.debug('Connect the prev to node 1')
node_prev = self.get_node_from_node_id(node1.prev)
self._update_node(node=node_prev,
prev=node_prev.prev,
next=node1.id)
# Connect the node before node2 to node 2
if node2.prev is not None:
logger.debug('Connect the prev to node 2')
node_prev = self.get_node_from_node_id(node2.prev)
self._update_node(node=node_prev,
prev=node_prev.prev,
next=node2.id)
global_test_array = []
obfuscation = 0xaa
class trivial_test_node_class(object):
def __init__(self, prev, id, next, data):
print "initializing test class."
# self.stuff = [ ["first", 0, 1], ["second", 0, 1] ]
self.id = id
self.prev = prev
self.next = next
self.data = data
def something(self):
print "something"
def save(self):
id = self.id
global_test_array[id] = self
def __repr__(self):
# print self.prev, self.id, self.next, self.data
the_string = "%s(%r)\n" % (self.__class__, self.__dict__)
return the_string
class trivial_test_list_model_class(object):
def __init__(self):
print "initializing test class."
#self.stuff = [ ["first", 0, 1], ["second", 0, 1] ]
self.stuff = [ 0 for i in xrange(0,10) ]
data = 'a'
for i in xrange(1,10):
self.stuff[i] = trivial_test_node_class(i-1,i,i+1,data);
data += 'r' # talk like a pirate day
self.stuff[-1].next = 0 # use 0 as NULL id.
global global_test_array
global_test_array = self.stuff
def something(self):
print "something"
def get(self,id):
return self.stuff[id]
def __repr__(self):
# for i in xrange(1,10):
# print self.stuff[i]
the_string = "%s(%r)" % (self.__class__, self.__dict__)
return the_string
if __name__ == '__main__':
# test code that only gets run when this file is run directly,
# not when this file is imported from some other python script.
print "Hello, world."
trivial_test_model = trivial_test_list_model_class()
print trivial_test_model
testll = DoublyLinkedList( trivial_test_model, "data" )
left_node = trivial_test_model.get(3)
right_node = trivial_test_model.get(4)
testll.move_node( left_node, right_node )
print trivial_test_model
# recommended by http://wiki.python.org/moin/vim
# vim: tabstop=8 expandtab shiftwidth=4 softtabstop=4 :