我尝试了以下代码(从learncpp.com修改)
#include <iostream>
#include <string>
using namespace std;
class Point2D
{
private:
int m_nX;
int m_nY;
public:
// A default constructor
Point2D()
: m_nX(0), m_nY(0)
{
}
// A specific constructor
Point2D(int nX, int nY)
: m_nX(nX), m_nY(nY)
{
cout<<"Point is created"<<endl;
}
~Point2D(){cout<<"Point is destroyed"<<endl;}
// An overloaded output operator
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Point2D &cPoint)
{
out << "(" << cPoint.GetX() << ", " << cPoint.GetY() << ")";
return out;
}
// Access functions
void SetPoint(int nX, int nY)
{
m_nX = nX;
m_nY = nY;
}
int GetX() const { return m_nX; }
int GetY() const { return m_nY; }
};
class Creature
{
private:
std::string m_strName;
Point2D m_cLocation;
// We don't want people to create Creatures with no name or location
// so our default constructor is private
Creature() { }
public:
Creature(std::string strName, const Point2D &cLocation)
: m_strName(strName), m_cLocation(cLocation)
{
cout<<"Creature is created"<<endl;
}
~Creature(){cout<<"Creature is destroyed"<<endl;}
friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream& out, const Creature &cCreature)
{
out << cCreature.m_strName.c_str() << " is at " << cCreature.m_cLocation;
return out;
}
void MoveTo(int nX, int nY)
{
m_cLocation.SetPoint(nX, nY);
}
};
int main()
{
using namespace std;
cout << "Enter a name for your creature: ";
std::string cName;
cin >> cName;
Creature cCreature(cName, Point2D(4, 7));
while (1)
{
cout << cCreature << endl;
cout << "Enter new X location for creature (-1 to quit): ";
int nX=0;
cin >> nX;
if (nX == -1)
break;
cout << "Enter new Y location for creature (-1 to quit): ";
int nY=0;
cin >> nY;
if (nY == -1)
break;
cCreature.MoveTo(nX, nY);
}
return 0;
}
当我运行程序时,我得到以下内容:
Enter a name for your creature: gabar
Point is created
Creature is created
Point is destroyed
gabar is at: (4,7)
Enter new X location for creature (-1 to quit): 2
Enter new Y location for creature (-1 to quit): 3
gabar is at: (2,3)
Enter new X location for creature (-1 to quit): -1
Creature is destroyed
Point is destroyed
我有两个问题:
为什么第一个“Point is destroyed”被称为? 当只有一个“Point is created”提示时,为什么有两个提示“Point is destroyed”。
感谢
答案 0 :(得分:5)
我不知道你用什么来跟踪构造函数和析构函数,但我怀疑它没有检测到复制构造函数。
此行创建第一个Point2D
:
Creature cCreature(cName, Point2D(4, 7));
Creature
的构造函数通过引用获取它,但随后将其分配给m_cLocation
,复制它(调用{I}}复制构造函数,我怀疑它不会被跟踪)。
然后销毁第一个Point2D
,它是瞬态的,从未存储过。 Point2D
在最后被销毁。
答案 1 :(得分:2)
在本声明中
Creature cCreature(cName, Point2D(4, 7));
创建临时对象Point2D(4, 7)
作为第二个参数。完成语句后,此对象将被删除。
在你的程序中有两个Point类型的对象。第一个是上面提到的临时对象,第二个对象是Creature类的成员。通过构造函数cCreature将临时对象复制到成员对象后,它被删除了。
答案 2 :(得分:1)
因为你只是用你的普通构造函数构造一个Point2D
,这在你的main方法中会发生。
第二个Point2D
,它是成员变量m_cLocation
,它不是通过copy constructor构建的,而是由rvalue初始化的,在您的情况下由编译器隐含地定义,而不是由您跟踪控制台打印。此构造函数具有签名Point2D (const Point2D& other)
。
在用于初始化成员变量之后,第一个点被摧毁,因为它是{{3}}并且在使用后不再需要它。