我正在尝试实现__cxa_allocate_exception
和__cxa_free_exception
的版本,以避免在throw
上分配内存。
所以我实现了一个看起来不错的内存池。但是,当使用嵌套异常进行测试时,并非在所有情况下都调用异常的析构函数,因此__cxa_free_exception
也没有被调用,从而导致内存池随着时间的推移而填满。
请参见以下示例代码:
class MyException {
public:
MyException() {
std::cout << "MyException constructed." << std::endl;
}
~MyException() {
std::cout << "MyException destroyed." << std::endl;
}
};
void * __cxa_allocate_exception(size_t thrown_size)
{
const auto mem = malloc(thrown_size); //Not part of the example
std::cout << "allocate: " << mem << std::endl;
return mem;
}
void __cxa_free_exception(void *thrown_object)
{
std::cout << "free: " << thrown_object << std::endl;
free(thrown_object); //Not part of the example.
}
void non_rec() {
try {
throw MyException();
} catch(...) {
try {
throw MyException();
} catch(...) {
//...
}
}
}
int main() {
while(true) {
non_rec();
std::cout << "-----------" << std::endl;
}
}
该程序的输出为:
allocate: 0x8cbc20
MyException constructed.
allocate: 0x8cc030
MyException constructed.
MyException destroyed.
free: 0x8cc030
MyException destroyed.
free: 0x8cbc20
-----------
allocate: 0x8cbc20
MyException constructed.
allocate: 0x8cc030
MyException constructed.
MyException destroyed.
free: 0x8cc030
-----------
allocate: 0x8cc030
MyException constructed.
allocate: 0x8cc440
MyException constructed.
MyException destroyed.
free: 0x8cc440
-----------
allocate: 0x8cc440
MyException constructed.
allocate: 0x8cc850
MyException constructed.
MyException destroyed.
free: 0x8cc850
第一次即可正常运行。但是之后,在每次循环迭代中都构造并分配了两个异常,但是只有一个异常被释放和销毁。
我正在Ubuntu 16.04上使用g ++ 5.4.0。
答案 0 :(得分:3)
我认为对此的简短答案是未指定。 C ++标准的18.1.4部分规定:
异常对象的内存以未指定的方式分配...
MSVC,例如allocates it on the stack。祝你好运。
但是,有趣的是,为什么编写的代码失败(对于其他注释程序,gcc在我尝试运行它时报告内存损坏),正如@AlanBirtles所说,答案就在这里:
https://code.woboq.org/gcc/libstdc++-v3/libsupc++/eh_alloc.cc.html
如果查看IF/ELSE
的实现(第279行),您会发现它执行了三项您没有做的事情:
__cxa_allocate_exception
的标头分配了额外的空间然后,在__cxa_refcounted_exception
中,它允许在释放指针之前进行指针调整。
因此,使它正常工作很容易,只需执行以下操作即可(或者您可以通过自己的方式访问__cxa_free_exception
的声明,我认为它位于该站点的某个位置):
__cxa_refcounted_exception
当我run this at Wandbox时,我得到:
#define EXTRA 1024
extern "C" void * __cxa_allocate_exception(size_t thrown_size)
{
void *mem = malloc (thrown_size + EXTRA);
std::cout << "allocate: " << mem << " (" << thrown_size << ") " << std::endl;
memset (mem, 0, EXTRA);
return (char *) mem + EXTRA;
}
extern "C" void __cxa_free_exception(void *thrown_object)
{
std::cout << "free: " << thrown_object << std::endl;
char *mem = (char *) thrown_object;
mem -= EXTRA;
free (mem);
}
尽管这个doesn't work with clang,所以他们必须以不同的方式做事。就像我说的,它是UB,所以要小心。
答案 1 :(得分:1)
以类似于libstdc++的方式分配正确的内存量为我解决了崩溃问题:
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <exception>
#include <cstring>
class MyException {
public:
MyException() {
std::cout << "MyException constructed." << std::hex << (size_t)this << std::endl;
}
~MyException() {
std::cout << "MyException destroyed." << std::hex << (size_t)this << std::endl;
}
};
const size_t __cxa_refcounted_exception_size = 16 * sizeof(size_t); // approx sizeof(__cxa_refcounted_exception)
void * __cxa_allocate_exception(size_t thrown_size)
{
thrown_size += __cxa_refcounted_exception_size;
const auto mem = malloc(thrown_size);
std::cout << "allocate: " << mem << std::endl;
memset (mem, 0, __cxa_refcounted_exception_size);
return (void *)((char *)mem + __cxa_refcounted_exception_size);
}
void __cxa_free_exception(void *thrown_object)
{
std::cout << "free: " << thrown_object << std::endl;
char *ptr = (char *) thrown_object - __cxa_refcounted_exception_size;
free(ptr);
}
void non_rec() {
try {
throw MyException();
} catch(...) {
try {
throw MyException();
} catch(...) {
//...
}
}
}
int main() {
for (int i=0;i<4;i++) {
non_rec();
std::cout << "-----------" << std::endl;
}
}
您应该通过包含unwind-cxx.h来找到平台的sizeof(__cxa_refcounted_exception_size)
的实际值。