# coding=utf-8
import pytest
def whatever():
return 9/0
def test_whatever():
try:
whatever()
except ZeroDivisionError as exc:
pytest.fail(exc, pytrace=True)
================================ test session starts =================================
platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.3 -- py-1.4.20 -- pytest-2.5.2
plugins: django, cov
collected 1 items
pytest_test.py F
====================================== FAILURES ======================================
___________________________________ test_whatever ____________________________________
def test_whatever():
try:
whatever()
except ZeroDivisionError as exc:
> pytest.fail(exc, pytrace=True)
E Failed: integer division or modulo by zero
pytest_test.py:12: Failed
============================== 1 failed in 1.16 seconds ==============================
如何使pytest打印回溯,所以我会看到whatever
函数中引发了异常的位置?
答案 0 :(得分:225)
pytest.raises(Exception)
就是您所需要的。
<强>代码强>
import pytest
def test_passes():
with pytest.raises(Exception) as e_info:
x = 1 / 0
def test_passes_without_info():
with pytest.raises(Exception):
x = 1 / 0
def test_fails():
with pytest.raises(Exception) as e_info:
x = 1 / 1
def test_fails_without_info():
with pytest.raises(Exception):
x = 1 / 1
# Don't do this. Assertions are caught as exceptions.
def test_passes_but_should_not():
try:
x = 1 / 1
assert False
except Exception:
assert True
# Even if the appropriate exception is caught, it is bad style,
# because the test result is less informative
# than it would be with pytest.raises(e)
# (it just says pass or fail.)
def test_passes_but_bad_style():
try:
x = 1 / 0
assert False
except ZeroDivisionError:
assert True
def test_fails_but_bad_style():
try:
x = 1 / 1
assert False
except ZeroDivisionError:
assert True
<强>输出强>
============================================================================================= test session starts ==============================================================================================
platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.6 -- py-1.4.26 -- pytest-2.6.4
collected 7 items
test.py ..FF..F
=================================================================================================== FAILURES ===================================================================================================
__________________________________________________________________________________________________ test_fails __________________________________________________________________________________________________
def test_fails():
with pytest.raises(Exception) as e_info:
> x = 1 / 1
E Failed: DID NOT RAISE
test.py:13: Failed
___________________________________________________________________________________________ test_fails_without_info ____________________________________________________________________________________________
def test_fails_without_info():
with pytest.raises(Exception):
> x = 1 / 1
E Failed: DID NOT RAISE
test.py:17: Failed
___________________________________________________________________________________________ test_fails_but_bad_style ___________________________________________________________________________________________
def test_fails_but_bad_style():
try:
x = 1 / 1
> assert False
E assert False
test.py:43: AssertionError
====================================================================================== 3 failed, 4 passed in 0.02 seconds ======================================================================================
请注意,e_info
会保存异常对象,以便您可以从中提取详细信息。例如,如果要检查异常调用堆栈或其他嵌套异常。
答案 1 :(得分:97)
你的意思是这样的:
def test_raises():
with pytest.raises(Exception) as excinfo:
raise Exception('some info')
assert excinfo.value.message == 'some info'
答案 2 :(得分:44)
有两种方法可以在pytest中处理这类情况:
使用pytest.raises
功能
使用pytest.mark.xfail
装饰器
pytest.raises
的用法:
def whatever():
return 9/0
def test_whatever():
with pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError):
whatever()
pytest.mark.xfail
的用法:
@pytest.mark.xfail(raises=ZeroDivisionError)
def test_whatever():
whatever()
pytest.raises
的输出:
============================= test session starts ============================
platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.10, pytest-3.2.3, py-1.4.34, pluggy-0.4.0 --
/usr/local/python_2.7_10/bin/python
cachedir: .cache
rootdir: /home/user, inifile:
collected 1 item
test_fun.py::test_whatever PASSED
======================== 1 passed in 0.01 seconds =============================
pytest.xfail
标记的输出:
============================= test session starts ============================
platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.10, pytest-3.2.3, py-1.4.34, pluggy-0.4.0 --
/usr/local/python_2.7_10/bin/python
cachedir: .cache
rootdir: /home/user, inifile:
collected 1 item
test_fun.py::test_whatever xfail
======================== 1 xfailed in 0.03 seconds=============================
正如documentation所说:
对于您正在测试自己的代码故意提出的异常的情况,使用
pytest.raises
可能会更好,而使用带有检查功能的@pytest.mark.xfail
可能更适合记录未修复的错误(其中测试描述了“应该”发生的事情或依赖项中的错误。
答案 3 :(得分:35)
你可以尝试
def test_exception():
with pytest.raises(Exception) as excinfo:
function_that_raises_exception()
assert str(excinfo.value) == 'some info'
答案 4 :(得分:3)
此解决方案是我们正在使用的:
def test_date_invalidformat():
"""
Test if input incorrect data will raises ValueError exception
"""
date = "06/21/2018 00:00:00"
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
app.func(date) #my function to be tested
请参考pytest,http://pytest.readthedocs.io/en/reorganize-docs/assert.html#assert
答案 5 :(得分:3)
正确的方法是使用pytest.raises
,但我在评论here中发现了一种有趣的替代方法,并希望将其保存下来供以后这个问题的读者使用:
try:
thing_that_rasises_typeerror()
assert False
except TypeError:
assert True
答案 6 :(得分:1)
pytest不断发展,并且随着最近的一次不错的变化之一,现在可以同时测试
文档中的两个示例:
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match='must be 0 or None'):
raise ValueError('value must be 0 or None')
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=r'must be \d+$'):
raise ValueError('value must be 42')
我已经在许多项目中使用了这种方法,并且非常喜欢它。
答案 7 :(得分:1)
pytest
中有两种处理异常的方法:
pytest.raises
编写有关引发的异常的断言@pytest.mark.xfail
pytest.raises
来自the docs:
为了编写有关引发的异常的断言,可以使用
pytest.raises
作为上下文管理器
示例:
仅声明一个例外:
import pytest
def test_zero_division():
with pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError):
1 / 0
with pytest.raises(ZeroDivisionError)
说,无论
在下一个代码块中,应引发一个ZeroDivisionError
异常。如果未引发异常,则测试失败。如果测试引发其他异常,则它将失败。
如果您需要访问实际的异常信息:
import pytest
def f():
f()
def test_recursion_depth():
with pytest.raises(RuntimeError) as excinfo:
f()
assert "maximum recursion" in str(excinfo.value)
excinfo
是一个ExceptionInfo
实例,它是引发实际异常的包装器。感兴趣的主要属性是.type
,.value
和.traceback
。
@pytest.mark.xfail
还可以为raises
指定一个pytest.mark.xfail
自变量。
import pytest
@pytest.mark.xfail(raises=IndexError)
def test_f():
l = [1, 2, 3]
l[10]
@pytest.mark.xfail(raises=IndexError)
说,无论
在下一个代码块中,应引发一个IndexError
异常。如果引发IndexError
,则测试标记为xfailed (x)
。如果未引发异常,则将测试标记为xpassed (X)
。如果测试引发其他异常,则它将失败。
注释:
在测试异常的情况下,使用pytest.raises
可能会更好,而您自己的代码是故意引发的,而对检查功能使用@pytest.mark.xfail
可能会更好,例如记录未修复的文档错误或依赖项中的错误。
您可以将match
关键字参数传递给上下文管理器(pytest.raises
),以测试正则表达式是否匹配异常的字符串表示形式。 (see more)
答案 8 :(得分:0)
您是否尝试删除“pytrace = True”?
pytest.fail(exc, pytrace=True) # before
pytest.fail(exc) # after
您是否尝试使用'--fulltrace'运行?
答案 9 :(得分:0)
更好的做法是使用继承unittest.TestCase并运行self.assertRaises的类。
例如:
import unittest
def whatever():
return 9/0
class TestWhatEver(unittest.TestCase):
def test_whatever():
with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
whatever()
然后你可以通过运行来执行它:
pytest -vs test_path
答案 10 :(得分:0)
如果要测试特定错误类型,请结合使用try,catch和引发:
#-- test for TypeError
try:
myList.append_number("a")
assert False
except TypeError: pass
except: assert False
答案 11 :(得分:0)
如果您希望为您的测试用例引发异常,则此处提交的最佳答案非常有用。如果您的测试可能引发异常并且您希望在任何一种情况下都能优雅地处理它,这不是很有用。
如果您有一个可能(不会)引发异常的测试用例,我认为这可能是一个更好的选择。
@python.mark.parametrize("request_query, response,code", query_response_dataset)
def test_big_query_submission(request_query, response_code):
try:
stats = bigquery.Client().query(request_query)
except Exception as e:
assert False, f"Exception raised: {e}"
assert stats.errors is None
通过这种方式,您可以优雅地失败测试,而不是因任何原因引发异常而导致测试崩溃。