Question

我正在使用python进行科学应用。我使用各种参数运行模拟，我的脚本将数据输出到该参数集的适当目录。后来我使用那些数据。但有时我会编辑我的脚本;为了能够在需要时重现我的结果，我希望有一个副本，用于在数据目录中直接生成数据的任何版本的脚本。所以基本上我想让我的python脚本自己复制到数据目录。最好的方法是什么？

谢谢！

Answer 1

我偶然发现了这个问题，因为我想做同样的事情。虽然我同意git / VCS带有修订版的评论，但一切都是最干净的解决方案，有时你只是想要快速而肮脏的工作。所以，如果有人仍然感兴趣：

使用__file__，您可以access the running scripts filename（带路径），并且如您所建议的那样，您可以使用高级文件操作库（如shutil）将其复制到某个位置。在一行中：

shutil.copy(__file__, 'experiment_folder_path/copied_script_name.py')

有相应的进口和一些花里胡哨：

import shutil
import os     # optional: for extracting basename / creating new filepath
import time   # optional: for appending time string to copied script

# generate filename with timestring
copied_script_name = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d_%H%M") + '_' + os.path.basename(__file__)

# copy script
shutil.copy(__file__, 'my_experiment_folder_path' + os.sep + copied_script_name)

Answer 2

可以使用shutil.copy()复制脚本。

但是你应该考虑让你的脚本保持在版本控制之下。这使您可以保留修订历史记录。

E.g。我使用git将脚本置于版本控制之下。在Python文件中，我倾向于保留这样的版本字符串;

__version__ = '$Revision: a42ef58 $'[11:-2]

每次更改相关文件时，都会使用git short hash标记更新此版本字符串。（这是通过从git的update-modified-keywords.py挂钩运行名为post-commit的脚本来完成的。）

如果你有这样的版本字符串，你可以将它嵌入到输出中，这样你就可以知道哪个版本产生了输出。

修改：

update-modified-keywords脚本如下所示;

#!/usr/bin/env python2 # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # # Author: R.F. Smith <rsmith@xs4all.nl> # $Date: 2013-11-24 22:20:54 +0100 $ # $Revision: 3d4f750 $ # # To the extent possible under law, Roland Smith has waived all copyright and # related or neighboring rights to update-modified-keywords.py. This work is # published from the Netherlands. # See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ """Remove and check out those files that that contain keywords and have changed since in the last commit in the current working directory.""" from __future__ import print_function, division import os import mmap import sys import subprocess def checkfor(args): """Make sure that a program necessary for using this script is available. Arguments: args -- string or list of strings of commands. A single string may not contain spaces. """ if isinstance(args, str): if ' ' in args: raise ValueError('No spaces in single command allowed.') args = [args] try: with open(os.devnull, 'w') as bb: subprocess.check_call(args, stdout=bb, stderr=bb) except subprocess.CalledProcessError: print("Required program '{}' not found! exiting.".format(args[0])) sys.exit(1) def modifiedfiles(): """Find files that have been modified in the last commit. :returns: A list of filenames. """ fnl = [] try: args = ['git', 'diff-tree', 'HEAD~1', 'HEAD', '--name-only', '-r', '--diff-filter=ACMRT'] with open(os.devnull, 'w') as bb: fnl = subprocess.check_output(args, stderr=bb).splitlines() # Deal with unmodified repositories if len(fnl) == 1 and fnl[0] is 'clean': return [] except subprocess.CalledProcessError as e: if e.returncode == 128: # new repository args = ['git', 'ls-files'] with open(os.devnull, 'w') as bb: fnl = subprocess.check_output(args, stderr=bb).splitlines() # Only return regular files. fnl = [i for i in fnl if os.path.isfile(i)] return fnl def keywordfiles(fns): """Filter those files that have keywords in them :fns: A list of filenames :returns: A list for filenames for files that contain keywords. """ # These lines are encoded otherwise they would be mangled if this file # is checked in my git repo! datekw = 'JERhdGU='.decode('base64') revkw = 'JFJldmlzaW9u'.decode('base64') rv = [] for fn in fns: with open(fn, 'rb') as f: try: mm = mmap.mmap(f.fileno(), 0, access=mmap.ACCESS_READ) if mm.find(datekw) > -1 or mm.find(revkw) > -1: rv.append(fn) mm.close() except ValueError: pass return rv def main(args): """Main program. :args: command line arguments """ # Check if git is available. checkfor(['git', '--version']) # Check if .git exists if not os.access('.git', os.F_OK): print('No .git directory found!') sys.exit(1) print('{}: Updating modified files.'.format(args[0])) # Get modified files files = modifiedfiles() if not files: print('{}: Nothing to do.'.format(args[0])) sys.exit(0) files.sort() # Find files that have keywords in them kwfn = keywordfiles(files) for fn in kwfn: os.remove(fn) args = ['git', 'checkout', '-f'] + kwfn subprocess.call(args) if __name__ == '__main__': main(sys.argv)

如果您不希望关键字扩展混乱您的git历史记录，可以使用污迹和清理过滤器。我在~/.gitconfig;
中设置了以下内容
[filter "kw"] clean = kwclean smudge = kwset

kwclean和kwset都是Python脚本。

#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # # Author: R.F. Smith <rsmith@xs4all.nl> # $Date: 2013-11-24 22:20:54 +0100 $ # # To the extent possible under law, Roland Smith has waived all copyright and # related or neighboring rights to kwset.py. This work is published from # the Netherlands. See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ """Fill the Date and Revision keywords from the latest git commit and tag and subtitutes them in the standard input.""" import os import sys import subprocess import re def gitdate(): """Get the date from the latest commit in ISO8601 format. """ args = ['git', 'log', '-1', '--date=iso'] dline = [l for l in subprocess.check_output(args).splitlines() if l.startswith('Date')] try: dat = dline[0][5:].strip() return ''.join(['$', 'Date: ', dat, ' $']) except IndexError: raise ValueError('Date not found in git output') def gitrev(): """Get the latest tag and use it as the revision number. This presumes the habit of using numerical tags. Use the short hash if no tag available. """ args = ['git', 'describe', '--tags', '--always'] try: with open(os.devnull, 'w') as bb: r = subprocess.check_output(args, stderr=bb)[:-1] except subprocess.CalledProcessError: return ''.join(['$', 'Revision', '$']) return ''.join(['$', 'Revision: ', r, ' $']) def main(): """Main program. """ dre = re.compile(''.join([r'\$', r'Date:?\$'])) rre = re.compile(''.join([r'\$', r'Revision:?\$'])) currp = os.getcwd() if not os.path.exists(currp+'/.git'): print >> sys.stderr, 'This directory is not controlled by git!' sys.exit(1) date = gitdate() rev = gitrev() for line in sys.stdin: line = dre.sub(date, line) print rre.sub(rev, line), if __name__ == '__main__': main()

和

#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- # # Author: R.F. Smith <rsmith@xs4all.nl> # $Date: 2013-11-24 22:20:54 +0100 $ # # To the extent possible under law, Roland Smith has waived all copyright and # related or neighboring rights to kwclean.py. This work is published from the # Netherlands. See http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ """Remove the Date and Revision keyword contents from the standard input.""" import sys import re ## This is the main program ## if __name__ == '__main__': dre = re.compile(''.join([r'\$', r'Date.*\$'])) drep = ''.join(['$', 'Date', '$']) rre = re.compile(''.join([r'\$', r'Revision.*\$'])) rrep = ''.join(['$', 'Revision', '$']) for line in sys.stdin: line = dre.sub(drep, line) print rre.sub(rrep, line),

在$PATH中的目录中安装了这两个脚本（在文件名的末尾没有扩展名，就像通常的可执行文件一样），并且设置了可执行位。

在我的存储库的.gitattributes文件中，我选择了我希望关键字扩展的文件。因此对于例如Python文件;

*.py filter=kw

Answer 3

如果您使用的是Linux，则可以使用以下内容。

import os
os.system("cp ./scriptname ./")

有一个python脚本自己复制的最佳方法？

3 个答案: