from collections import namedtuple
Point=namedtupe('whatsmypurpose',['x','y'])
p=Point(11,22)
print(p)
输出:
whatsmypurpose(x=11,y=22)
'whatsmypurpose'
的相关性/用途是什么?
答案 0 :(得分:11)
namedtuple()
是tuple
子类的工厂函数。这里,'whatsmypurpose'
是类型名称。创建命名元组时,会在内部创建具有此名称(whatsmypurpose
)的类。
你可以通过使用像:
这样的详细参数来注意这一点Point=namedtuple('whatsmypurpose',['x','y'], verbose=True)
您也可以尝试type(p)
来验证这一点。
答案 1 :(得分:7)
'whatsmypurpose'
为新子类赋予其类型名称。来自文档:
collections.namedtuple( typename ,field_names,verbose = False,rename = False)
返回名为 typename 的新元组子类。
以下是一个例子:
>>> from collections import namedtuple
>>> Foo = namedtuple('Foo', ['a', 'b'])
>>> type(Foo)
<class 'type'>
>>> a = Foo(a = 1, b = 2)
>>> a
Foo(a=1, b=2)
>>> Foo = namedtuple('whatsmypurpose', ['a', 'b'])
>>> a = Foo(a = 1, b = 2)
>>> a
whatsmypurpose(a=1, b=2)
>>>
将verbose
参数设置为True
,您可以查看完整的whatsmypurpose
类定义。
>>> Foo = namedtuple('whatsmypurpose', ['a', 'b'], verbose=True)
from builtins import property as _property, tuple as _tuple
from operator import itemgetter as _itemgetter
from collections import OrderedDict
class whatsmypurpose(tuple):
'whatsmypurpose(a, b)'
__slots__ = ()
_fields = ('a', 'b')
def __new__(_cls, a, b):
'Create new instance of whatsmypurpose(a, b)'
return _tuple.__new__(_cls, (a, b))
@classmethod
def _make(cls, iterable, new=tuple.__new__, len=len):
'Make a new whatsmypurpose object from a sequence or iterable'
result = new(cls, iterable)
if len(result) != 2:
raise TypeError('Expected 2 arguments, got %d' % len(result))
return result
def _replace(_self, **kwds):
'Return a new whatsmypurpose object replacing specified fields with new values'
result = _self._make(map(kwds.pop, ('a', 'b'), _self))
if kwds:
raise ValueError('Got unexpected field names: %r' % list(kwds))
return result
def __repr__(self):
'Return a nicely formatted representation string'
return self.__class__.__name__ + '(a=%r, b=%r)' % self
def _asdict(self):
'Return a new OrderedDict which maps field names to their values.'
return OrderedDict(zip(self._fields, self))
def __getnewargs__(self):
'Return self as a plain tuple. Used by copy and pickle.'
return tuple(self)
a = _property(_itemgetter(0), doc='Alias for field number 0')
b = _property(_itemgetter(1), doc='Alias for field number 1')
答案 2 :(得分:0)
考虑:
class MyClass(tuple):
pass
这将创建一个 type ,它是一个元组子类,并且具有名称MyClass.__name__ == "MyClass"
。 namedtuple
是类型工厂,它还会创建元组子类,但是在此功能性API中,您必须显式传递名称。
当您将返回的类型分配给其他名称时:
Point = namedtuple('whatsmypurpose',['x','y'])
这类似于这样做:
class whatsmypurpose(tuple):
... # extra stuff here to setup slots, field names, etc
Point = whatsmypurpose
del whatsmypurpose
在两种情况下,您都只是为该类型使用了不同的别名。
通常,您将分配与用于类型名称的名称相同的名称。如果您担心重复的字符串不是DRY,那么可以在typing.NamedTuple
中使用声明性API,而不要在collections
中使用该功能性API。 然后,您可能会因为需要注释类型而烦恼。