Question

我尝试编写一个程序，该程序在Ubuntu（KDE）中按下键盘消息时会发出每个键的名称;不干扰程序中键盘的正常操作（只是宣布键名）。

这是我的计划：

#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void SendPressKeyEvent(Display *display, XKeyEvent xkey)
{
    Window current_focus_window;
    int current_focus_revert;
    XGetInputFocus(display, &current_focus_window, &current_focus_revert);
    xkey.type =  KeyPress;
    xkey.display = display;
    xkey.window = current_focus_window;
    xkey.root = DefaultRootWindow(display);
    xkey.subwindow = None;
    xkey.time = 1000 * time(0);
    xkey.x = 0;
    xkey.y = 0;
    xkey.x_root = 0;
    xkey.y_root = 0;
    xkey.same_screen = True;
    XSendEvent(display, InputFocus,  True, KeyPressMask, (XEvent *)(&xkey));
}

void SendReleaseKeyEvent(Display *display, XKeyEvent xkey)
{
    Window current_focus_window;
    int current_focus_revert;
    XGetInputFocus(display, &current_focus_window, &current_focus_revert);
    xkey.type =  KeyRelease;
    xkey.display = display;
    xkey.window = current_focus_window;
    xkey.root = DefaultRootWindow(display);
    xkey.subwindow = None;
    xkey.time = 1000 * time(0);
    xkey.x = 0;
    xkey.y = 0;
    xkey.x_root = 0;
    xkey.y_root = 0;
    xkey.same_screen = True;
    XSendEvent(display, InputFocus, True, KeyReleaseMask, (XEvent *)(&xkey));
}

void *TaskCode(void* arg)
{
    switch(*(int*)arg)
    {
    case 38:
        system("espeak -v en "  "\"a\"");
    }
    return 0;
}

int main()
{
    Display *display = XOpenDisplay(0);
    if(display == 0)
        exit(1);
    XGrabKeyboard(display, DefaultRootWindow(display), True, GrabModeAsync, GrabModeAsync, CurrentTime);
    XEvent event;
    while(true)
    {
        XNextEvent(display, &event);
        if(event.type == Expose)
        {

        }
        if(event.type == KeyPress)
        {
            SendPressKeyEvent(display,event.xkey);
            if(event.xkey.keycode == 38)
            {
                pthread_t thread;
                int thread_arg = event.xkey.keycode;
                pthread_create(&thread,0, TaskCode, (void*) &thread_arg);
            }
        }
        if(event.type == KeyRelease)
            SendReleaseKeyEvent(display,event.xkey);
    }
    XCloseDisplay(display);
}

此程序仅用于键 a ，可以扩展到其他键。

但是当该程序运行时，某些程序（例如Chromium）不会在其编辑框中显示闪烁（光标）。此外，所有KDE热键都被禁用。

如何解决这个问题？

Answer 1

这是我的快速而肮脏的例子

#include <X11/X.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/Xutil.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <ctype.h>


int main ()
{
    Display* d = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
    Window root = DefaultRootWindow(d);
    Window curFocus;
    char buf[17];
    KeySym ks;
    XComposeStatus comp;
    int len;
    int revert;

    XGetInputFocus (d, &curFocus, &revert);
    XSelectInput(d, curFocus, KeyPressMask|KeyReleaseMask|FocusChangeMask);

    while (1)
    {
        XEvent ev;
        XNextEvent(d, &ev);
        switch (ev.type)
        {
            case FocusOut:
                printf ("Focus changed!\n");
                printf ("Old focus is %d\n", (int)curFocus);
                if (curFocus != root)
                    XSelectInput(d, curFocus, 0);
                XGetInputFocus (d, &curFocus, &revert);
                printf ("New focus is %d\n", (int)curFocus);
                if (curFocus == PointerRoot)
                    curFocus = root;
                XSelectInput(d, curFocus, KeyPressMask|KeyReleaseMask|FocusChangeMask);
                break;

            case KeyPress:
                printf ("Got key!\n");
                len = XLookupString(&ev.xkey, buf, 16, &ks, &comp);
                if (len > 0 && isprint(buf[0]))
                {
                    buf[len]=0;
                    printf("String is: %s\n", buf);
                }
                else
                {
                    printf ("Key is: %d\n", (int)ks);
                }
        }

    }
}

它不可靠，但大部分时间都有效。（它显示我正在此框中键入的键）。您可以调查它为什么有时失败;）它也不能原则上显示热键。热键是抓取的键，只有一个客户端可以获得一个抓取的键。绝对没有什么可以在这里完成，没有加载为此目的设计的特殊X11扩展（例如XEvIE）。

Answer 2

感谢n.m. answer和parsa的评论，这是我的最终代码：

#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;


void* TaskCode(void* parg)
{
    int keycode = *((int*)parg);
    cout<< "\n\n" << keycode << "\n\n";
    if(keycode == XKeysymToKeycode(XOpenDisplay(0),'a'))
        system("espeak -v en " "\"a\"");
    delete (int*)parg;
    return 0;
}

void Action(int keycode)
{
    pthread_t thread;
    pthread_attr_t  attrs;
    pthread_attr_init(&attrs);
    pthread_attr_setdetachstate(&attrs,PTHREAD_CREATE_DETACHED);
    pthread_attr_setstacksize(&attrs, 1000);
    int* pthread_arg = new int;
    *pthread_arg = keycode;
    pthread_create(&thread,&attrs, TaskCode, (void*) pthread_arg);
}

int MyX11ErrorHandler(Display *, XErrorEvent *error_event)
{
   cout << "\n\n" "An X11-Functions error occured. Probably the focused window was closed.""\n"
           "This error will be ignored." "\n";
   cout<< "error_code: " << (unsigned)error_event -> error_code << "\n";
   cout<< "minor_code: " << (unsigned)error_event -> minor_code << "\n";
   cout<< "request_code: " << (unsigned)error_event -> request_code << "\n";
   cout<< "resourceid: " << error_event -> resourceid << "\n";
   cout<< "serial; " << error_event -> serial << "\n";
   cout<< "type: " << error_event -> type << "\n\n";
   return 0;
}

int main()
{
    Display* display = XOpenDisplay(0);
    Window root = DefaultRootWindow(display);
    Window current_focus_window;
    int revert;

    XSetErrorHandler(MyX11ErrorHandler);

    XGetInputFocus(display, &current_focus_window, &revert);
    XSelectInput(display,current_focus_window,KeyPressMask | KeyReleaseMask | FocusChangeMask);

    while(true)
    {
        XEvent event;
        XNextEvent(display, &event);
        switch (event.type)
        {
            case FocusOut:
                if(current_focus_window != root)
                    XSelectInput(display, current_focus_window, 0);
                XGetInputFocus(display, &current_focus_window, &revert);
                if(current_focus_window == PointerRoot)
                    current_focus_window = root;
                XSelectInput(display, current_focus_window, KeyPressMask|KeyReleaseMask|FocusChangeMask);
                break;

            case KeyPress:
                Action(event.xkey.keycode);
                break;
        }
    }
}

将这些添加到Qt Creator的项目.pro文件中：

LIBS += -lX11
LIBS += -lpthread
LIBS += -lXtst

赞赏任何改进建议。

要归档我还要使用抓取来添加我的最终代码：

#include <X11/Xlib.h>
#include <X11/Xutil.h>

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

void* TaskCode(void* parg)
{
    int keycode = *((int*)parg);
    cout<< "\n\n" << keycode << "\n\n";
    system("espeak -v en " "\"a\"");
    delete (int*)parg;
    return 0;
}


void SendKeyEvent(Display *display, XEvent event)
{
    Window current_focus_window;
    XKeyEvent& xkey = event.xkey;

    int current_focus_revert;
    XGetInputFocus(display, &current_focus_window, &current_focus_revert);       
    xkey.state = Mod2Mask;

    XSendEvent(display, InputFocus,  True, xkey.type, (XEvent *)(&event));
}

int GrabKey(Display* display, Window grab_window, int keycode)
{
    unsigned int    modifiers       = Mod2Mask; // numlock on
    //Window          grab_window     = DefaultRootWindow(display);
    Bool            owner_events    = True;
    int             pointer_mode    = GrabModeAsync;
    int             keyboard_mode   = GrabModeAsync;

    XGrabKey(display, keycode, modifiers, grab_window, owner_events, pointer_mode, keyboard_mode);
    return keycode;
}

void UngrabKey(Display* display, Window grab_window, int keycode)
{
    unsigned int    modifiers       = Mod2Mask; // numlock on

   // Window grab_window = DefaultRootWindow(display);
    XUngrabKey(display,keycode,modifiers,grab_window);
}


void Action(int keycode)
{
    pthread_t thread;
    int* pthread_arg = new int;

    *pthread_arg = keycode;
    pthread_create(&thread,0, TaskCode, (void*) pthread_arg);
}

int main()
{
    Display*    display = XOpenDisplay(0);
    Window      root    = DefaultRootWindow(display);
    XEvent      event;

    int keycode = XKeysymToKeycode(display,'a');
    GrabKey(display,root,keycode);

    XSelectInput(display, root, KeyPressMask | KeyReleaseMask);
    while(true)
    {
        XNextEvent(display, &event);
        switch(event.type)
        {
            case KeyPress:
                Action(event.xkey.keycode);
            case KeyRelease:
                SendKeyEvent(display,event);
            default:
                break;
        }
    }

    XCloseDisplay(display);
}

一切都很好，除了与有问题的代码不同，它忽略了语言布局。按 a 键入a无论语言布局如何！

Answer 3

作为收听X事件的替代方案，它也可以直接收听Linux输入事件：https://stackoverflow.com/a/27693340/21501

这样做的好处是可以在飞行中修改事件流，阻止，编辑或生成输入事件。

在X11中聆听键盘事件而不消耗它们 - 键盘挂钩

3 个答案: