我不确定是否所有代码都是必要的，所以我会发布它：
# Tic-Tac-Toe
# Plays the game of tic-tac-toe against a human opponent
# global constants
X = "X"
O = "O"
EMPTY = " "
TIE = "TIE"
NUM_SQUARES = 9
def display_instruct():
"""Display game instructions."""
print(
"""
Welcome to the greatest intellectual challenge of all time: Tic-Tac-Toe.
This will be a showdown between your human brain and my silicon processor.
You will make your move known by entering a number, 0 - 8. The number
will correspond to the board position as illustrated:
0 | 1 | 2
---------
3 | 4 | 5
---------
6 | 7 | 8
Prepare yourself, human. The ultimate battle is about to begin. \n
"""
)
def ask_yes_no(question):
"""Ask a yes or no question."""
response = None
while response not in ("y", "n"):
response = input(question).lower()
return response
def ask_number(question, low, high):
"""Ask for a number within a range."""
response = None
while response not in range(low, high):
response = int(input(question))
return response
def pieces():
"""Determine if player or computer goes first."""
go_first = ask_yes_no("Do you require the first move? (y/n): ")
if go_first == "y":
print("\nThen take the first move. You will need it.")
human = X
computer = O
else:
print("\nYour bravery will be your undoing... I will go first.")
computer = X
human = O
return computer, human
def new_board():
"""Create new game board."""
board = []
for square in range(NUM_SQUARES):
board.append(EMPTY)
return board
def display_board(board):
"""Display game board on screen."""
print("\n\t", board[0], "|", board[1], "|", board[2])
print("\t","---------")
print("\t",board[3], "|", board[4], "|", board[5])
print("\t","---------")
print("\t",board[6], "|", board[7], "|", board[8])
def legal_moves(board):
"""Create list of legal moves."""
moves = []
for square in range(NUM_SQUARES):
if board[square] == EMPTY:
moves.append(square)
return moves
def winner(board):
"""Determine the game winner."""
WAYS_TO_WIN = ((0, 1, 2),
(3, 4, 5),
(6, 7, 8),
(0, 3, 6),
(1, 4, 7),
(2, 5, 8),
(0, 4, 8),
(2, 4, 6))
for row in WAYS_TO_WIN:
if board[row[0]] == board[row[1]] == board[row[2]] != EMPTY:
winner = board[row[0]]
return winner
if EMPTY not in board:
return TIE
return None
def human_move(board, human):
"""Get human move."""
legal = legal_moves(board)
move = None
while move not in legal:
move = ask_number("Where will you move? (0 - 8):", 0, NUM_SQUARES)
if move not in legal:
print("\nThat square is already occupied, foolish human. Choose another.\n")
print("Fine...")
return move
def computer_move(board, computer, human):
"""Make computer move."""
# make a copy to work with since function will be changing list
board = board[:]
# the best positions to have, in order
BEST_MOVES = (4, 0, 2, 6, 8, 1, 3, 5, 7)
print("I shall take square number,", end="")
# if computer can win, take that move
for move in legal_moves(board):
board[move] = computer
if winner(board) == computer:
print(move)
return move
# done checking this move, undo it
board[move] = EMPTY
# if human can win, block that move
for move in legal_moves(board):
board[move] = human
if winner(board) == human:
print(move)
return move
# done checkin this move, undo it
board[move] = EMPTY
# since no one can win on next move, pick best open square
for move in BEST_MOVES:
if move in legal_moves(board):
print(move)
return move
def next_turn(turn):
"""Switch turns."""
if turn == X:
return O
else:
return X
def congrat_winner(the_winner, computer, human):
"""Congratulate the winner."""
if the_winner != TIE:
print(the_winner, "won!\n")
else:
print("It's a tie!\n")
if the_winner == computer:
print("As I predicted, human, I am triumphant once more. \n" \
"Proof that computers are superior to humans in all regards.")
elif the_winner == human:
print("No, no! It cannot be! Somehow you tricked me, human. \n" \
"But never again! I, the computer, so swear it!")
elif the_winner == TIE:
print("You were most lucky, human, and somehow managed to tie me. \n" \
"Celebrate today... for this is the best you will ever achieve.")
def main():
display_instruct()
computer, human = pieces()
turn = X
board = new_board()
display_board(board)
while not winner(board):
if turn == human:
move = human_move(board, human)
board[move] = human
else:
move = computer_move(board, computer, human)
board[move] = computer
display_board(board)
turn = next_turn(turn)
the_winner = winner(board)
congrat_winner(the_winner, computer, human)
# start the program
main()
input("\n\nPress the enter key to quit.")
这是我正在阅读的一本书中的一个例子，我并不完全理解，我认为直到明白了所有这些：
for row in WAYS_TO_WIN:
if board[row[0]] == board[row[1]] == board[row[2]] != EMPTY:
winner = board[row[0]]
return winner
有人可以解释这个功能的作用，更具体地说是条件
if board[row[0]] == board[row[1]] == board[row[2]] != EMPTY:正在测试？
答案 0 :(得分：2)
只是检查当前的电路板，看看是否有任何获胜的单元组合（如行数列中所列）具有（a）相同的值，（b）该值不是EMPTY。
注意：在Python中，如果a == b == c！= d，检查a == b AND b == c AND c！= d
因此，如果单元格0,1和2都有X，那么在第一次通过循环时，它将从获胜者例程返回X.
答案 1 :(得分：1)
查看正在发生的事情的最佳方法是在运行此代码时添加一些print语句。
从事物的名称来判断，你可以看出你是否想要看看有人赢了比赛。根据TicTacToe的规则，您知道如果X或O在行，列或对角线中有三个，则该玩家获胜。你在board[x] == board[y] == board[z]看到我们可能在这里连续三次测试。那么x, y z是什么？好吧，看看WAYS_TO_WIN。在该数组中是指示行，列或对角线中的索引的行。因此，我们正在测试行，列或对角线是否包含相同的字符，并且该字符不是EMPTY（" " [空格]字符）。
答案 2 :(得分：1)
我是Python新手。下面的tic tac toe游戏脚本来自我的一个练习。它采用了不同的方法。
对于数据结构，我使用整数值0表示空白单元格，+1表示计算机放置单元格，-1表示用户放置单元格。
主要的好处是我可以使用 lineValue ，即一行中所有三个单元格值的总和，来跟踪每一行的状态。所有8个行值都存储在列表 lineValues 中。这可以使决策更容易。例如，当它是我的（计算机）转，如果有一行lineValue == 2，我知道我会赢。否则，如果有lineValue == - 2的行，我必须阻止这些行的交集（如果有的话）。
决策的关键是 findMostValuableCell 。它的作用是找出哪个细胞对下一次移动最有价值（即哪个细胞出现在特定lineValue的大多数行中）。此脚本中没有试用测试（假设测试）。它使用了很多列表推导。
希望它可以提供帮助。
ttt = [0 for i in range(9)]
lines = [[0, 1, 2],[3, 4, 5],[6, 7, 8],[0, 3, 6],[1, 4, 7],[2, 5, 8],[0, 4, 8],[2, 4, 6]]
lineValues = [0 for i in range(8)]
userChar = {1: "O", -1: "X", 0: "_"}
turn = -1 # defalut to user move first
#*****************************************************
def main():
global userChar, turn
if input("Do you want me to start first? (Y/N)").lower()=="y":
userChar = {1:"X",-1:"O",0:"_"}
turn = 1
display()
while not hasWinner():
if 0 in ttt:
nextMove(turn)
turn *= -1
display()
else:
print("It's a tie!")
break
#*****************************************************
def hasWinner():
if max(lineValues) == 3:
print("******** I win!! ********")
return True
elif min(lineValues) == -3:
print("******** You win ********")
return True
#*****************************************************
def nextMove(turn):
if turn== -1: #User's turn
print("It's your turn now (" + userChar[-1]+"):")
while not isUserMoveSuccessful(input("Please choose your cell number:")):
print("Your choice is not valid!")
else: #Computer's turn
print("It's my turn now...")
for lineValue in [2,-2,-1,1,0]:
cell = findMostValuableCell(lineValue)
if cell>=0: #found a cell for placement
markCell(cell, turn)
print ("I chose cell", str(cell),"." )
return
#*****************************************************
def isUserMoveSuccessful(userInput):
s = list(userInput)[0]
if '012345678'.find(s)>=0 and ttt[int(s)]==0:
markCell(int(s), turn)
return True
#*****************************************************
def findMostValuableCell(lineValue):
if set(ttt)=={0}:
return 1
allLines = [i for i in range(8) if lineValues[i]==lineValue]
allCells =[j for line in allLines for j in lines[line] if ttt[j]==0]
cellFrequency = dict((c, allCells.count(c)) for c in set(allCells))
if len(cellFrequency)>0: # get the cell with highest frequency.
return max(cellFrequency, key=cellFrequency.get)
else:
return -1
#*****************************************************
def markCell(cell, trun):
global lineValues, ttt
ttt[cell]=turn
lineValues = [sum(cellValue) for line in lines for cellValue in [[ttt[j] for j in line]]]
#*****************************************************
def display():
print(' _ _ _\n'+''.join('|'+userChar[ttt[i]]+('|\n' if i%3==2 else '') for i in range(9)))
#*****************************************************
main()
答案 3 :(得分：0)
我会简单地说。 Row是一个变量，分配给元组WAYS_TO_WIN中的每个元组。 在第一次迭代中，row =（0,1,2） 它检查0 == 1 == 2的值是否为。
在第二次迭代中，row =（3,4,5） 它检查3 == 4 == 5的值是否为。
行转到外部元组ways_to_win的每个内部元组，直到达到row =（2,4,6）。 这就是该计划正在做的事情。
答案 4 :(得分：0)
列表项
def tic_tac_toe（）： 板= [1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9] 结束=错误 win_commbinations =（（（0，1，2），（3，4，5），（6，7，8），（0，3，6），（1，4，7），（2，5，8） ，（0、4、8），（2、4、6））
def draw（）： 打印（板[0]，板[1]，板[2]） 打印（板[3]，板[4]，板[5]） 打印（板[6]，板[7]，板[8]） print（）
def p1（）： n =选择编号（） 如果board [n] ==“ X”或board [n] ==“ O”： print（“ \ n您不能去那里。再试一次”） p1（） 其他： board [n] =“ X”
def p2（）： n =选择编号（） 如果board [n] ==“ X”或board [n] ==“ O”： print（“ \ n您不能去那里。再试一次”） p2（） 其他： board [n] =“ O”
def choice_number（）： 而True： 而True： 一个= input（） 尝试： a = int（a） -= 1 如果范围在（0，9）中： 返回一个 其他： print（“ \ n那不在黑板上。再试一次”） 继续 除了ValueError： print（“ \ n这不是数字。请重试”） 继续
def check_board（）： 计数= 0 在win_commbinations中： 如果board [a [0]] == board [a [1]] == board [a [2]] ==“ X”： 打印（“玩家1获胜！\ n”） 打印（“恭喜！\ n”） 返回True
if board[a[0]] == board[a[1]] == board[a[2]] == "O":
print("Player 2 Wins!\n")
print("Congratulations!\n")
return True
for a in range(9):
if board[a] == "X" or board[a] == "O":
count += 1
if count == 9:
print("The game ends in a Tie\n")
return True
未结束时： 画（） 结束= check_board（） 如果end == True： 打破 打印（“玩家1选择放置十字架的位置”） p1（） 打印（） 画（） 结束= check_board（） 如果end == True： 打破 打印（“播放器2选择在何处放置nought”） p2（） print（）
如果输入（“再次播放（y / n）\ n”）==“ y”： 打印（） tic_tac_toe（）