我目前正在开发一个程序,它以整数的二进制表示形式计算1的数量,其中整数由用户输入。我需要这样做,以便程序从上到下运行,这意味着没有循环或任何类型的指令流。但是,我对Mips和汇编语言很陌生,目前我正在努力解决这个问题。
我认为你可以使用srlv
和/或sllv
指令进行一些乘法,但我不知道哪里可以开始。
答案 0 :(得分:3)
您描述的功能称为汉明重量。
我花了几秒钟看了一下维基百科的文章here,其中包含几个用于计算汉明重量的C算法。我选择了这一个(稍微改为32位并将常数移动到函数):
//This uses fewer arithmetic operations than any other known
//implementation on machines with fast multiplication.
//It uses 12 arithmetic operations, one of which is a multiply.
int popcount_3(uint32_t x) {
const uint32_t m1 = 0x55555555; //binary: 0101...
const uint32_t m2 = 0x33333333; //binary: 00110011..
const uint32_t m4 = 0x0f0f0f0f; //binary: 4 zeros, 4 ones ...
const uint32_t h01 = 0x01010101; //the sum of 256 to the power of 0,1,2,3...
x -= (x >> 1) & m1; //put count of each 2 bits into those 2 bits
x = (x & m2) + ((x >> 2) & m2); //put count of each 4 bits into those 4 bits
x = (x + (x >> 4)) & m4; //put count of each 8 bits into those 8 bits
return (x * h01)>>24; //returns left 8 bits of x + (x<<8) + (x<<16) + (x<<24) + ...
}
在MIPS程序集中,这看起来像:
main:
#read in int x for Hamming Weight
addi $v0 $zero 5
syscall
lui $t5 0x0101 #$t5 is 0x01010101
ori $t5 0x0101
lui $t6 0x5555 #$t6 is 0x55555555
ori $t6 0x5555
lui $t7 0x3333 #$t7 is 0x33333333
ori $t7 0x3333
lui $t8 0x0f0f #$t8 is 0x0f0f0f0f
ori $t8 0x0f0f
# x -= (x>>1) & 0x55555555
srl $t0 $v0 1
and $t0 $t0 $t6
sub $v0 $v0 $t0
# x = (x & 0x33333333) + ((x >> 2) & 0x33333333)
and $t0 $v0 $t7
srl $t1 $v0 2
and $t1 $t1 $t7
add $v0 $t0 $t1
# x = (x + (x >> 4)) & 0x33333333
srl $t0 $v0 4
add $t0 $v0 $t0
and $v0 $t0 $t8
# output (x * 0x01010101) >> 24
mul $v0 $v0 $t5
srl $a0 $v0 24
li $v0 1
syscall
jr $ra