我正在运行Ubuntu 13.10并尝试编译该部分示例OpenGL代码:
#include "GL/freeglut.h"
#include "GL/gl.h"
/* display function - code from:
http://fly.cc.fer.hr/~unreal/theredbook/chapter01.html
This is the actual usage of the OpenGL library.
The following code is the same for any platform */
void renderFunction()
{
glClearColor(0.0, 0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
glColor3f(1.0, 1.0, 1.0);
glOrtho(-1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0, -1.0, 1.0);
glBegin(GL_POLYGON);
glVertex2f(-0.5, -0.5);
glVertex2f(-0.5, 0.5);
glVertex2f(0.5, 0.5);
glVertex2f(0.5, -0.5);
glEnd();
glFlush();
}
/* Main method - main entry point of application
the freeglut library does the window creation work for us,
regardless of the platform. */
int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
glutInit(&argc, argv);
glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE);
glutInitWindowSize(500,500);
glutInitWindowPosition(100,100);
glutCreateWindow("OpenGL - First window demo");
glutDisplayFunc(renderFunction);
glutMainLoop();
return 0;
}
我已经使用Eclipse来构建项目,但它在链接级别上失败了:
Building target: opengl_test
Invoking: GCC C++ Linker
g++ -L/usr/lib -L/usr/lib/fglrx -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/mesa -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mesa -o "opengl_test" ./src/opengl_test.o
./src/opengl_test.o: In function `renderFunction()':
/var/www/opengl_test/Debug/../src/opengl_test.cpp:10: undefined reference to `glClearColor'
/var/www/opengl_test/Debug/../src/opengl_test.cpp:11: undefined reference to `glClear'
/var/www/opengl_test/Debug/../src/opengl_test.cpp:12: undefined reference to `glColor3f'
/var/www/opengl_test/Debug/../src/opengl_test.cpp:13: undefined reference to `glOrtho'
/var/www/opengl_test/Debug/../src/opengl_test.cpp:14: undefined reference to `glBegin'
/var/www/opengl_test/Debug/../src/opengl_test.cpp:15: undefined reference to `glVertex2f'
/var/www/opengl_test/Debug/../src/opengl_test.cpp:16: undefined reference to `glVertex2f'
/var/www/opengl_test/Debug/../src/opengl_test.cpp:17: undefined reference to `glVertex2f'
/var/www/opengl_test/Debug/../src/opengl_test.cpp:18: undefined reference to `glVertex2f'
/var/www/opengl_test/Debug/../src/opengl_test.cpp:19: undefined reference to `glEnd'
/var/www/opengl_test/Debug/../src/opengl_test.cpp:20: undefined reference to `glFlush'
./src/opengl_test.o: In function `main':
/var/www/opengl_test/Debug/../src/opengl_test.cpp:28: undefined reference to `glutInit'
/var/www/opengl_test/Debug/../src/opengl_test.cpp:29: undefined reference to `glutInitDisplayMode'
/var/www/opengl_test/Debug/../src/opengl_test.cpp:30: undefined reference to `glutInitWindowSize'
/var/www/opengl_test/Debug/../src/opengl_test.cpp:31: undefined reference to `glutInitWindowPosition'
/var/www/opengl_test/Debug/../src/opengl_test.cpp:32: undefined reference to `glutCreateWindow'
/var/www/opengl_test/Debug/../src/opengl_test.cpp:33: undefined reference to `glutDisplayFunc'
/var/www/opengl_test/Debug/../src/opengl_test.cpp:34: undefined reference to `glutMainLoop'
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
make: *** [opengl_test] Error 1
...所以我尝试过G ++:
g++ -lGL -lglut opengl_test.cpp -o test
然而它提供的输出与Eclipse的输出几乎相同。
我想也许我需要手动将符号链接到libl / lib的符号链接。 我搜索过libs:
$ sudo apt-file search libGL.so
fglrx: /usr/lib/fglrx/libGL.so
fglrx: /usr/lib/fglrx/libGL.so.1
fglrx: /usr/lib/fglrx/libGL.so.1.2
fglrx: /usr/lib32/fglrx/libGL.so.1.2
fglrx-updates: /usr/lib/fglrx/libGL.so
fglrx-updates: /usr/lib/fglrx/libGL.so.1
fglrx-updates: /usr/lib/fglrx/libGL.so.1.2
fglrx-updates: /usr/lib32/fglrx/libGL.so.1.2
libgl1-mesa-dev: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libGL.so
libgl1-mesa-dev: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mesa/libGL.so
libgl1-mesa-glx: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mesa/libGL.so.1
libgl1-mesa-glx: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mesa/libGL.so.1.2.0
libgl1-mesa-glx-dbg: /usr/lib/debug/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/mesa/libGL.so.1.2.0
nvidia-173: /usr/lib/nvidia-173/libGL.so
nvidia-173: /usr/lib/nvidia-173/libGL.so.1
nvidia-173: /usr/lib/nvidia-173/libGL.so.173.14.37
nvidia-173: /usr/lib32/nvidia-173/libGL.so
nvidia-173: /usr/lib32/nvidia-173/libGL.so.1
nvidia-173: /usr/lib32/nvidia-173/libGL.so.173.14.37
nvidia-304: /usr/lib/nvidia-304/libGL.so
nvidia-304: /usr/lib/nvidia-304/libGL.so.1
nvidia-304: /usr/lib/nvidia-304/libGL.so.304.88
nvidia-304: /usr/lib32/nvidia-304/libGL.so
nvidia-304: /usr/lib32/nvidia-304/libGL.so.1
nvidia-304: /usr/lib32/nvidia-304/libGL.so.304.88
nvidia-304-updates: /usr/lib/nvidia-304-updates/libGL.so
nvidia-304-updates: /usr/lib/nvidia-304-updates/libGL.so.1
nvidia-304-updates: /usr/lib/nvidia-304-updates/libGL.so.304.108
nvidia-304-updates: /usr/lib32/nvidia-304-updates/libGL.so
nvidia-304-updates: /usr/lib32/nvidia-304-updates/libGL.so.1
nvidia-304-updates: /usr/lib32/nvidia-304-updates/libGL.so.304.108
nvidia-319: /usr/lib/nvidia-319/libGL.so
nvidia-319: /usr/lib/nvidia-319/libGL.so.1
nvidia-319: /usr/lib/nvidia-319/libGL.so.319.32
nvidia-319: /usr/lib32/nvidia-319/libGL.so
nvidia-319: /usr/lib32/nvidia-319/libGL.so.1
nvidia-319: /usr/lib32/nvidia-319/libGL.so.319.32
nvidia-319-updates: /usr/lib/nvidia-319-updates/libGL.so
nvidia-319-updates: /usr/lib/nvidia-319-updates/libGL.so.1
nvidia-319-updates: /usr/lib/nvidia-319-updates/libGL.so.319.60
nvidia-319-updates: /usr/lib32/nvidia-319-updates/libGL.so
nvidia-319-updates: /usr/lib32/nvidia-319-updates/libGL.so.1
nvidia-319-updates: /usr/lib32/nvidia-319-updates/libGL.so.319.60
primus-libs: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/primus/libGL.so.1
和
$ sudo apt-file search libglut.so
freeglut3: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglut.so.3
freeglut3: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglut.so.3.9.0
freeglut3-dev: /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglut.so
制作符号链接:
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/fglrx/libGL.so /usr/lib/libGL.so
sudo ln -s /usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libglut.so /usr/lib/libglut.so
然而它仍然无济于事。出现了相同的链接问题。
答案 0 :(得分:11)
尝试将您的库放在源文件之后:
g++ opengl_test.cpp -lGL -lglut
要让Eclipse工作,您需要更改所谓的"命令行模式"。我实际上不是Eclipse用户,但尝试在此处检查设置:C/C++ Build -> Settings -> Cross G++ Linker
或其他一些与链接器相关的设置。
澄清:当前ld
默认链接--as-needed
标志。在此模式下,在链接任何库ld
之前,检查此库中的某些符号是否需要某处。 ld
按顺序执行此检查,因此如果您在源文件之前链接某些内容,则会排除此库。可以使用-Wl,--no-as-needed
gcc
标记禁用此行为。
来自man ld
:
--as-needed
--no-as-needed
This option affects ELF DT_NEEDED tags for dynamic libraries men-
tioned on the command line after the --as-needed option. Normally,
the linker will add a DT_NEEDED tag for each dynamic library men-
tioned on the command line, regardless of whether the library is
actually needed. --as-needed causes DT_NEEDED tags to only be
emitted for libraries that satisfy some symbol reference from regu-
lar objects which is undefined at the point that the library was
linked. --no-as-needed restores the default behaviour.