在SQL Server 2008中沿路径移动点

时间:2010-01-19 14:49:24

标签: sql sql-server sql-server-2008 gis geography

我的数据库中存储了一个地理字段,其中包含一个线串路径。

我想沿着这个线串移动一个点n米,然后返回目的地。

例如,我希望目标点从线条开始沿着线串500米。

以下是一个例子 - YourFunctionHere是什么?或者,还有另一种方式吗?

DECLARE @g geography;
SET @g = geography::STGeomFromText('LINESTRING(-122.360 47.656, -122.343 47.656, -122.310 47.690)', 4326);
SELECT @g.YourFunctionHere(100).ToString();

3 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:13)

这有点棘手,但肯定有可能。

让我们从一个点到另一个点计算轴承。给定起点,方位和距离,以下函数将返回目标点:

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[func_MoveTowardsPoint](@start_point geography,
                                              @end_point   geography,  
                                              @distance    int)  /* Meters */   
RETURNS geography
AS
BEGIN
    DECLARE @ang_dist float = @distance / 6371000.0;  /* Earth's radius */
    DECLARE @bearing  decimal(18,15);
    DECLARE @lat_1    decimal(18,15) = Radians(@start_point.Lat);
    DECLARE @lon_1    decimal(18,15) = Radians(@start_point.Long);
    DECLARE @lat_2    decimal(18,15) = Radians(@end_point.Lat);
    DECLARE @lon_diff decimal(18,15) = Radians(@end_point.Long - @start_point.Long);
    DECLARE @new_lat  decimal(18,15);
    DECLARE @new_lon  decimal(18,15);
    DECLARE @result   geography;

    /* First calculate the bearing */

    SET @bearing = ATN2(sin(@lon_diff) * cos(@lat_2),
                        (cos(@lat_1) * sin(@lat_2)) - 
                        (sin(@lat_1) * cos(@lat_2) * 
                        cos(@lon_diff)));

    /* Then use the bearing and the start point to find the destination */

    SET @new_lat = asin(sin(@lat_1) * cos(@ang_dist) + 
                        cos(@lat_1) * sin(@ang_dist) * cos(@bearing));

    SET @new_lon = @lon_1 + atn2( sin(@bearing) * sin(@ang_dist) * cos(@lat_1), 
                                  cos(@ang_dist) - sin(@lat_1) * sin(@lat_2));

    /* Convert from Radians to Decimal */

    SET @new_lat = Degrees(@new_lat);
    SET @new_lon = Degrees(@new_lon);

    /* Return the geography result */

    SET @result = 
        geography::STPointFromText('POINT(' + CONVERT(varchar(64), @new_lon) + ' ' + 
                                              CONVERT(varchar(64), @new_lat) + ')', 
                                   4326);

    RETURN @result;
END

我知道你需要一个以线串作为输入的函数,而不仅仅是起点和终点。该点必须沿着连接线段的路径移动,并且必须继续围绕路径的“角”移动。这可能看起来很复杂,但我认为可以解决如下问题:

  1. 使用STPointN()遍历线串的每个点,从x = 1到x = STNumPoints()
  2. 在迭代中的当前点与下一个点之间找到STDistance()的距离:@linestring.STPointN(x).STDistance(@linestring.STPointN(x+1))
  3. 如果上述距离>输入距离'n':

    ...然后目标点位于此点和下一点之间。只需将func_MoveTowardsPoint传递点x作为起点,将点x + 1作为终点,距离n。返回结果并打破迭代。

    否则:

    ...目标点位于迭代中下一个点的路径中。从距离'n'中减去点x和点x + 1之间的距离。继续修改距离的迭代。

  4. 您可能已经注意到我们可以轻松地递归地实现上述内容,而不是迭代地实现上述内容。

    我们这样做:

    CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[func_MoveAlongPath](@path geography, 
                                               @distance int, 
                                               @index int = 1)   
    RETURNS geography
    AS
    BEGIN
        DECLARE @result       geography = null;
        DECLARE @num_points   int = @path.STNumPoints();
        DECLARE @dist_to_next float;
    
        IF @index < @num_points
        BEGIN
            /* There is still at least one point further from the point @index
               in the linestring. Find the distance to the next point. */
    
            SET @dist_to_next = @path.STPointN(@index).STDistance(@path.STPointN(@index + 1));
    
            IF @distance <= @dist_to_next 
            BEGIN
                /* @dist_to_next is within this point and the next. Return
                  the destination point with func_MoveTowardsPoint(). */
    
                SET @result = [dbo].[func_MoveTowardsPoint](@path.STPointN(@index),
                                                            @path.STPointN(@index + 1),
                                                            @distance);
            END
            ELSE
            BEGIN
                /* The destination is further from the next point. Subtract
                   @dist_to_next from @distance and continue recursively. */
    
                SET @result = [dbo].[func_MoveAlongPath](@path, 
                                                         @distance - @dist_to_next,
                                                         @index + 1);
            END
        END
        ELSE
        BEGIN
            /* There is no further point. Our distance exceeds the length 
               of the linestring. Return the last point of the linestring.
               You may prefer to return NULL instead. */
    
            SET @result = @path.STPointN(@index);
        END
    
        RETURN @result;
    END
    

    有了这个,就该做一些测试了。让我们使用问题中提供的原始线串,我们将在350米,3500米和7000米处请求目标点:

    DECLARE @g geography;
    SET @g = geography::STGeomFromText('LINESTRING(-122.360 47.656, 
                                                   -122.343 47.656, 
                                                   -122.310 47.690)', 4326);
    
    SELECT [dbo].[func_MoveAlongPath](@g, 350, DEFAULT).ToString();
    SELECT [dbo].[func_MoveAlongPath](@g, 3500, DEFAULT).ToString();
    SELECT [dbo].[func_MoveAlongPath](@g, 7000, DEFAULT).ToString();
    

    我们的测试返回以下结果:

    POINT (-122.3553270591861 47.6560002502638)
    POINT (-122.32676470116748 47.672728464582583)
    POINT (-122.31 47.69)
    

    请注意,我们请求的最后距离(7000米)超过了线串的长度,因此我们返回了最后一点。在这种情况下,如果您愿意,可以轻松修改函数以返回NULL。

答案 1 :(得分:4)

CodePlex上的SQL Spatial工具库中还有LocateAlongGeog函数 http://sqlspatialtools.codeplex.com/wikipage?title=Current%20Contents&referringTitle=Home

答案 2 :(得分:1)

我使用了上面的Daniel的回答,但我必须修复“func_MoveAlongPath”签名

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[func_MoveAlongPath](@path geography, 
                                       @distance **float**, 
                                       @index int = 1)

int会返回错误的结果,因为它会舍入递归调用中的值。 然后我将其转换为迭代版本,因为递归版本无法处理我所拥有的样本数据中的更大距离:

CREATE FUNCTION [dbo].[func_MoveAlongPathIter](@path geography, 
                                               @distance float)   
RETURNS geography
AS
BEGIN
    DECLARE @index          int = 1;
    DECLARE @result         geography = null;
    DECLARE @num_points     int = @path.STNumPoints();
    DECLARE @dist_to_next   float;
    DECLARE @comul_distance float = 0;

    WHILE (@index < @num_points - 1) AND (@comul_distance < @distance)
    BEGIN
        SET @dist_to_next = @path.STPointN(@index).STDistance(@path.STPointN(@index + 1));
        SET @comul_distance += @dist_to_next;
        SET @index += 1;
    END

    SET @result = [dbo].[func_MoveTowardsPoint](@path.STPointN(@index - 1),
                                                        @path.STPointN(@index),
                                                        @distance - (@comul_distance - @dist_to_next));
    RETURN @result;
END