N * M网格的左上角有一个机器人。机器人可以向上,向下,向左和向右移动,但在每次遍历中不能多次访问同一个单元。如何找到机器人到达右下角的总方式?
(机器人不需要访问每个单元格以使路径有效)
我认为这有一个递归的解决方案,但我无法以某种方式得到它。
这是我到目前为止所得到的:
def initialize(row, cols):
grid = [ [ 0 for c in range(cols) ] for r in range(rows) ]
pos_r, pos_c = 0, 0
grid[pos_r][pos_c] = 1 # set start cell as visited
dst_x, dst_y = len(grid)-1, len(grid[0])-1 # coords of bottom-right corner
print move_robot(grid, dst_x, dst_y, pos_r, pos_c)
def move_robot(grid, dst_x, dst_y, pos_r, pos_c, prev_r=None, prev_c=None):
num_ways = 0
if reached_dst(dst_x, dst_y, pos_r, pos_c):
undo_move(grid, pos_r, pos_c)
undo_move(grid, prev_r, prev_c)
return 1
else:
moves = get_moves(grid, pos_r, pos_c)
if len(moves) == 0:
undo_move(grid, prev_r, prev_c)
return 0
for move in moves:
prev_r = pos_r
prev_c = pos_c
pos_r = move[0]
pos_c = move[1]
update_grid(grid, pos_r, pos_c)
num_ways += move_robot(grid, dst_x, dst_y, pos_r, pos_c, prev_r, prev_c)
return num_ways
if __name__ == '__main__':
initialize(4, 4)
为了简洁起见,我遗漏了一些函数定义。 Get_moves检索所有合法移动,检查每个移动是否仍然在棋盘上以及该单元格是否已被访问过。 Update_grid将指定的单元格设置为“1”,表示已访问。 Undo_move执行相反的操作,将指定的单元格设置为“0”。
我得到了最简单的案例(2 * 2网格)的正确答案,但对于较大的网格,输出总是太低。我的代码出了什么问题,有没有更简单的方法呢?
答案 0 :(得分:4)
递归非常简单但是在递归时应该小心创建矩阵的副本以便接收良好的结果:
from copy import copy, deepcopy
def calc(i, j, mat):
if i < 0 or j < 0 or i >= len(mat) or j >= len(mat[0]):
return 0 # out of borders
elif mat[i][j] == 1:
return 0 # this cell has already been visited
elif i == len(mat)-1 and j == len(mat[0])-1:
return 1 # reached destination (last cell)
else:
mat[i][j] = 1 # mark as visited
# create copies of the matrix for the recursion calls
m1 = deepcopy(mat)
m2 = deepcopy(mat)
m3 = deepcopy(mat)
m4 = deepcopy(mat)
# return the sum of results of the calls to the cells:
# down + up + right + left
return calc(i+1, j, m1) + calc(i-1, j, m2) + calc(i, j+1, m3) + calc(i, j-1, m4)
def do_the_robot_thing(m, n):
# an un-visited cell will be marked with "0"
mat = [[0]*n for x in xrange(m)]
return calc(0, 0, mat)
print(do_the_robot_thing(3, 3))
<强>输出:强>
12