我有一个与用户交互的程序(就像shell一样),我希望以交互方式使用python子进程模块运行它。 这意味着,我希望有可能写入stdin并立即从stdout获取输出。我在这里尝试了许多解决方案,但它们似乎都不能满足我的需求。
我根据Running an interactive command from within python
撰写的代码import Queue
import threading
import subprocess
def enqueue_output(out, queue):
for line in iter(out.readline, b''):
queue.put(line)
out.close()
def getOutput(outQueue):
outStr = ''
try:
while True: #Adds output from the Queue until it is empty
outStr+=outQueue.get_nowait()
except Queue.Empty:
return outStr
p = subprocess.Popen("./a.out", stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, bufsize = 1)
#p = subprocess.Popen("./a.out", stdin=subprocess.PIPE, stout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, shell=False, universal_newlines=True)
outQueue = Queue()
errQueue = Queue()
outThread = Thread(target=enqueue_output, args=(p.stdout, outQueue))
errThread = Thread(target=enqueue_output, args=(p.stderr, errQueue))
outThread.daemon = True
errThread.daemon = True
outThread.start()
errThread.start()
p.stdin.write("1\n")
p.stdin.flush()
errors = getOutput(errQueue)
output = getOutput(outQueue)
p.stdin.write("5\n")
p.stdin.flush()
erros = getOutput(errQueue)
output = getOutput(outQueue)
问题是队列保持为空,就好像没有输出一样。 只有当我向stdin写入程序需要执行和终止的所有输入时,我才得到输出(这不是我想要的)。例如,如果我做了类似的事情:
p.stdin.write("1\n5\n")
errors = getOutput(errQueue)
output = getOutput(outQueue)
有什么办法可以做我想做的事吗?
修改 该脚本将在Linux机器上运行。 我更改了我的脚本并删除了universal_newlines = True +将bufsize设置为1并在wrtie之后立即刷新stdin。我仍然没有输出。
第二次尝试: 我尝试了这个解决方案,它对我有用:
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
fw = open("tmpout", "wb")
fr = open("tmpout", "r")
p = Popen("./a.out", stdin = PIPE, stdout = fw, stderr = fw, bufsize = 1)
p.stdin.write("1\n")
out = fr.read()
p.stdin.write("5\n")
out = fr.read()
fw.close()
fr.close()
答案 0 :(得分:16)
Linux上针对此问题的两种解决方案:
第一个是使用文件将输出写入并同时从中读取:
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
fw = open("tmpout", "wb")
fr = open("tmpout", "r")
p = Popen("./a.out", stdin = PIPE, stdout = fw, stderr = fw, bufsize = 1)
p.stdin.write("1\n")
out = fr.read()
p.stdin.write("5\n")
out = fr.read()
fw.close()
fr.close()
其次,正如J.F.Sebastian所提出的那样,是使用fnctl模块使p.stdout和p.stder管道无阻塞:
import os
import fcntl
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
def setNonBlocking(fd):
"""
Set the file description of the given file descriptor to non-blocking.
"""
flags = fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_GETFL)
flags = flags | os.O_NONBLOCK
fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_SETFL, flags)
p = Popen("./a.out", stdin = PIPE, stdout = PIPE, stderr = PIPE, bufsize = 1)
setNonBlocking(p.stdout)
setNonBlocking(p.stderr)
p.stdin.write("1\n")
while True:
try:
out1 = p.stdout.read()
except IOError:
continue
else:
break
out1 = p.stdout.read()
p.stdin.write("5\n")
while True:
try:
out2 = p.stdout.read()
except IOError:
continue
else:
break
答案 1 :(得分:8)
目前没有答案对我有用。最后,我已经开始工作了:
import subprocess
def start(executable_file):
return subprocess.Popen(
executable_file,
stdin=subprocess.PIPE,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
stderr=subprocess.PIPE
)
def read(process):
return process.stdout.readline().decode("utf-8").strip()
def write(process, message):
process.stdin.write(f"{message.strip()}\n".encode("utf-8"))
process.stdin.flush()
def terminate(process):
process.stdin.close()
process.terminate()
process.wait(timeout=0.2)
process = start("./dummy.py")
write(process, "hello dummy")
print(read(process))
terminate(process)
使用此dummy.py
脚本进行了测试:
#!/usr/bin/env python3.6
import random
import time
while True:
message = input()
time.sleep(random.uniform(0.1, 1.0)) # simulates process time
print(message[::-1])
警告:输入/输出始终以换行符开头,每次写入后刷新子标准输入,并使用子标准输出中的readline()
(所有在函数中管理)。
在我看来,这是一个非常简单的解决方案(不是我的,我在这里找到它:https://eli.thegreenplace.net/2017/interacting-with-a-long-running-child-process-in-python/)。我使用的是Python 3.6。
答案 2 :(得分:5)
这是一个交互式外壳。您必须在单独的线程上运行read(),否则它将阻止write()
import sys
import os
import subprocess
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
import threading
class LocalShell(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
def run(self):
env = os.environ.copy()
p = Popen('/bin/bash', stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, shell=True, env=env)
sys.stdout.write("Started Local Terminal...\r\n\r\n")
def writeall(p):
while True:
# print("read data: ")
data = p.stdout.read(1).decode("utf-8")
if not data:
break
sys.stdout.write(data)
sys.stdout.flush()
writer = threading.Thread(target=writeall, args=(p,))
writer.start()
try:
while True:
d = sys.stdin.read(1)
if not d:
break
self._write(p, d.encode())
except EOFError:
pass
def _write(self, process, message):
process.stdin.write(message)
process.stdin.flush()
shell = LocalShell()
shell.run()
答案 3 :(得分:0)
据我所知,最简单的方法是在两侧都创建专用线程:两个在父进程上用于stdout / stderr,一个在子进程上用于stdin。此类示例的一部分,请找到here。