Question

我正在尝试构建一个可以删除特定模式中所有外键的脚本（我正在创建一个新数据库，需要将脚本编写到其他几个位置，一个测试环境和一个生产环境）。拥有这三个独立环境的最简单方法是在“开发”中使用我的“CREATE”脚本，然后在以后通过我们的其他环境进行处理。这需要（作为一种可能的解决方案）“CREATE”脚本的开头是一种If Exists(...) DROP...。

我已经解决了我遇到的问题，但希望有人能解释我所看到的行为（见下文）。

此代码有效（我得到一条声明，其中所有记录都是自己的SQL语句）：

DECLARE @SQL VARCHAR(MAX) = ''
DECLARE @Schema VARCHAR(100) = 'SchemaName'
SELECT 
    @SQL = @SQL
         + 'ALTER TABLE ' + tpa.name + CHAR(13) + CHAR(10)
         + CHAR(9) + 'DROP CONSTRAINT ' + fk.name +';' + CHAR(13) + CHAR(10)
FROM 
    sys.foreign_keys AS fk
JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns AS fkc 
    ON fkc.constraint_object_id = fk.object_id
JOIN sys.tables AS tpa
    ON fk.parent_object_id = tpa.object_id
JOIN sys.columns AS cpa 
    ON tpa.object_id = cpa.object_id AND 
       fkc.parent_column_id = cpa.column_id
JOIN sys.tables AS tref
    ON fkc.parent_object_id = tref.object_id
JOIN sys.columns AS cref 
    ON tref.object_id = cref.object_id AND 
       fkc.referenced_column_id = cref.column_id
WHERE 
    SCHEMA_NAME(fk.schema_id) = @Schema

PRINT @SQL

此代码不起作用（它只返回记录集的最后一行）：

DECLARE @SQL VARCHAR(MAX) = ''
DECLARE @Schema VARCHAR(100) = 'SchemaName'
SELECT 
    @SQL = @SQL
         + 'ALTER TABLE ' + tpa.name + CHAR(13) + CHAR(10)
         + CHAR(9) + 'DROP CONSTRAINT ' + fk.name +';' + CHAR(13) + CHAR(10)
FROM 
    sys.foreign_keys AS fk
JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns AS fkc 
    ON fkc.constraint_object_id = fk.object_id
JOIN sys.tables AS tpa
    ON fk.parent_object_id = tpa.object_id
JOIN sys.columns AS cpa 
    ON tpa.object_id = cpa.object_id AND 
       fkc.parent_column_id = cpa.column_id
JOIN sys.tables AS tref
    ON fkc.parent_object_id = tref.object_id
JOIN sys.columns AS cref 
    ON tref.object_id = cref.object_id AND 
       fkc.referenced_column_id = cref.column_id
WHERE 
    SCHEMA_NAME(fk.schema_id) = @Schema
ORDER BY 
     OBJECT_NAME(fk.parent_object_id)
    ,OBJECT_NAME(fk.referenced_object_id)
    ,fk.name
PRINT @SQL

有问题的行似乎是OBJECT_NAME(fk.referenced_object_id)中的ORDER BY作为评论解决问题，但我不明白为什么会失败。我怀疑某些东西本身就是在做什么。

即使包含ORDER BY中的所有列似乎也没有帮助：

DECLARE @SQL VARCHAR(MAX) = ''
DECLARE @Schema VARCHAR(100) = 'UserMgmt'
SELECT 
    @SQL = @SQL
         + 'ALTER TABLE ' + tpa.name + CHAR(13) + CHAR(10)
         + CHAR(9) + 'DROP CONSTRAINT ' + fk.name +';' + CHAR(13) + CHAR(10)
         + '--' + OBJECT_NAME(fk.referenced_object_id) + ', ' + OBJECT_NAME(fk.parent_object_id) + CHAR(13) + CHAR(10)
FROM 
    sys.foreign_keys AS fk
JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns AS fkc 
    ON fkc.constraint_object_id = fk.object_id
JOIN sys.tables AS tpa
    ON fk.parent_object_id = tpa.object_id
JOIN sys.columns AS cpa 
    ON tpa.object_id = cpa.object_id AND 
       fkc.parent_column_id = cpa.column_id
JOIN sys.tables AS tref
    ON fkc.parent_object_id = tref.object_id
JOIN sys.columns AS cref 
    ON tref.object_id = cref.object_id AND 
       fkc.referenced_column_id = cref.column_id
WHERE 
    SCHEMA_NAME(fk.schema_id) = @Schema
ORDER BY 
     OBJECT_NAME(fk.parent_object_id)
    ,OBJECT_NAME(fk.referenced_object_id)
    ,fk.name
PRINT @SQL

但是，更改引用表的JOIN语句确实可以正常工作：

DECLARE @SQL VARCHAR(MAX) = ''
DECLARE @Schema VARCHAR(100) = 'UserMgmt'
SELECT 
    @SQL = @SQL
         + 'ALTER TABLE ' + tpa.name + CHAR(13) + CHAR(10)
         + CHAR(9) + 'DROP CONSTRAINT ' + fk.name +';' + CHAR(13) + CHAR(10)
         + '--' + OBJECT_NAME(fk.referenced_object_id) + ', ' + OBJECT_NAME(fk.parent_object_id) + CHAR(13) + CHAR(10)
FROM 
    sys.foreign_keys AS fk
JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns AS fkc 
    ON fkc.constraint_object_id = fk.object_id
JOIN sys.tables AS tpa
    ON fk.parent_object_id = tpa.object_id
JOIN sys.columns AS cpa 
    ON tpa.object_id = cpa.object_id AND 
       fkc.parent_column_id = cpa.column_id
JOIN sys.tables AS tref
    ON fk.referenced_object_id = tref.object_id
JOIN sys.columns AS cref 
    ON tref.object_id = cref.object_id AND 
       fkc.referenced_column_id = cref.column_id
WHERE 
    SCHEMA_NAME(fk.schema_id) = @Schema
ORDER BY 
     OBJECT_NAME(fk.parent_object_id)
    ,OBJECT_NAME(fk.referenced_object_id)
    ,fk.name
PRINT @SQL

任何人都可以解释这种行为吗？

Answer 1

原因是as Martin Smith pointed out：聚合字符串连接没有定义的行为。

解决方案是使用光标而不是假装你不是。您还应该（a）不使用VARCHAR作为元数据 - 它全部存储为Unicode，因此您应该使用SYSNAME/NVARCHAR（b）在实体名称周围使用QUOTENAME，以防它们是保留字或其他无效的标识符（c）一次获取模式的ID而不是内联。

DECLARE @schemaID INT = SCHEMA_ID(N'SchemaName');

DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(MAX) = N'', @tpaname SYSNAME, @fkname SYSNAME;

DECLARE c CURSOR LOCAL FAST_FORWARD FOR
SELECT tpa.name, fk.name FROM sys.foreign_keys AS fk
INNER JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns AS fkc ON fkc.constraint_object_id = fk.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.tables AS tpa ON fk.parent_object_id = tpa.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS cpa ON tpa.object_id = cpa.object_id AND 
       fkc.parent_column_id = cpa.column_id
INNER JOIN sys.tables AS tref ON fkc.parent_object_id = tref.object_id
INNER JOIN sys.columns AS cref ON tref.object_id = cref.object_id AND 
       fkc.referenced_column_id = cref.column_id
WHERE fk.schema_id = @SchemaID
ORDER BY 
     OBJECT_NAME(fk.parent_object_id)
    ,OBJECT_NAME(fk.referenced_object_id)
    ,fk.name;

OPEN c;

FETCH c INTO @tpaname, @fkname;

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS <> -1;
BEGIN
  SET @sql += N'ALTER TABLE ' + QUOTENAME(@tpaname) + CHAR(13) + CHAR(10)
         + CHAR(9) + 'DROP CONSTRAINT ' + QUOTENAME(@fkname) +';' + CHAR(13) + CHAR(10)
  FETCH c INTO @tpaname, @fkname;
END

CLOSE c; DEALLOCATE c;

PRINT @sql;

ORDER BY更改字符串连接SQL

1 个答案: