在defmacro中使用标签+ macrolet进行适当的反引和变量捕获

时间:2013-10-03 20:42:13

标签: macros common-lisp

我正在使用defmacro在Common Lisp中编写一个小的专用语言。我无法弄清楚正确的反引用过程是在顶级let语句中定义一个变量,在嵌套的macrolet中隐藏,并在嵌套标签中返回,都指向相同的符号。

以下是一些显示问题的小示例代码:

(defmacro with-keylang (&body body)
  (let ((keyblank-size-x (gensym)))
    `(let ((,keyblank-size-x 42))
       (labels ((keyblank-size-x ()
                  ,keyblank-size-x))
         (macrolet ((with-keyblank-size-x (size-x &body body)
                      `(let ((,',keyblank-size-x ,size-x))
                         ,@body)))
           ,@body)))))

CL-USER> 
(with-keylang
  (print (keyblank-size-x)))

42  
42

到目前为止一切都很顺利。

CL-USER> 
(with-keylang
  (with-keyblank-size-x 24
    (print (keyblank-size-x))))

;Compiler warnings :
;   In an anonymous lambda form: Unused lexical variable #:G123171

42 
42

有问题。我希望代表keyblank-size-x的符号用值24进行阴影处理,但这不会发生。

我感觉,',反引号模式不适合这种情况,因为这引用了代表keyblank-size-x的符号,因此不是eq。但是如果我尝试,,,它就不起作用了,我得到了这个有趣的编译器错误:

While compiling WITH-KEYBLANK-SIZE-X :
Illegal reference to lexically defined variable #:G123192.
   [Condition of type CCL::COMPILE-TIME-PROGRAM-ERROR]

编辑:

keyblank-size-x变量是词法范围的,我想要这个特殊情况的动态范围。所以这里是重写声明keyblank-size-x变量具有动态范围:

(defmacro with-keylang (&body body)
  (let ((keyblank-size-x (gensym)))
    `(let ((,keyblank-size-x 42))
       (declare (special ,keyblank-size-x))
       (labels ((keyblank-size-x ()
                  ,keyblank-size-x))
         (macrolet ((with-keyblank-size-x (size-x &body body)
                      `(let ((,',keyblank-size-x ,size-x))
                         (declare (special ,',keyblank-size-x))
                         ,@body)))
           ,@body)))))

测试代码:

CL-USER>
(with-keylang
  (with-keyblank-size-x 25
    (with-keyblank-size-x 21
      (print (keyblank-size-x)))
    (print (keyblank-size-x)))
  (print (keyblank-size-x)))

21
25
42
42

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:4)

如果我们完全展开代码(这里使用LispWorks中的Walk命令):

(LET ((#:G19508 42))
  (LABELS ((KEYBLANK-SIZE-X () #:G19508))
    (MACROLET ((WITH-KEYBLANK-SIZE-X (SIZE-X &BODY BODY)
                 `(LET ((#:G19508 ,SIZE-X))
                    ,@BODY)))
      (LET ((#:G19508 24))
        (PRINT (KEYBLANK-SIZE-X))))))

重新绑定#:G19508无效,无法生效。函数keyblank-size-x具有不同的词法绑定。这只是词汇绑定的常见效果。