在我当前的模型User中,我有一个字段“name”,它不能为null。
我尝试创建一个用户对象,并将其添加到Pyramid提供的DBSession并使用事务提交,就像这样。
with transaction.manager:
u = models.User()
models.DBSession.add(u)
对于那些不使用金字塔的人,DBSession是:
DBSession = scoped_session(sessionmaker(extension=ZopeTransactionExtension()))
现在,在上面的交易中,我确实有一个验证问题 - 我需要为User分配一个名称,但我没有。但是,我没有收到错误告诉我“你需要为用户分配一个名字!”,我得到了这个:
<ipython-input-5-47d9c0e393f7> in <module>()
2 u = models.User()
----> 3 models.DBSession.add(u)
4
/home/user/Projects/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/transaction-1.4.1-py2.7.egg/transaction/_manager.pyc in __exit__(self, t, v, tb)
118 def __exit__(self, t, v, tb):
119 if v is None:
--> 120 self.commit()
121 else:
122 self.abort()
/home/user/Projects/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/transaction-1.4.1-py2.7.egg/transaction/_manager.pyc in commit(self)
109 """ See ITransactionManager.
110 """
--> 111 return self.get().commit()
112
113 def abort(self):
/home/user/Projects/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/transaction-1.4.1-py2.7.egg/transaction/_transaction.py in commit(self)
276 tb = None
277 try:
--> 278 t, v, tb = self._saveAndGetCommitishError()
279 self._callAfterCommitHooks(status=False)
280 reraise(t, v, tb)
/home/user/Projects/env/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/transaction-1.4.1-py2.7.egg/transaction/_transaction.py in _saveAndGetCommitishError(self)
300 import pdb
301 pdb.set_trace()
--> 302 traceback.print_stack(sys._getframe(1), None, ft)
303 # Append the stack entries from here down to the exception.
304 traceback.print_tb(tb, None, ft)
/usr/lib/python2.7/traceback.py in print_stack(f, limit, file)
267 except ZeroDivisionError:
268 f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back
--> 269 print_list(extract_stack(f, limit), file)
270
271 def format_stack(f=None, limit=None):
/usr/lib/python2.7/traceback.py in print_list(extracted_list, file)
23 ' File "%s", line %d, in %s' % (filename,lineno,name))
24 if line:
---> 25 _print(file, ' %s' % line.strip())
26
27 def format_list(extracted_list):
/usr/lib/python2.7/traceback.py in _print(file, str, terminator)
11
12 def _print(file, str='', terminator='\n'):
---> 13 file.write(str+terminator)
14
15
TypeError: 'unicode' does not have the buffer interface
我发现手头的问题是,在某个地方,有一个python版本2对3不兼容,这里显示TypeError: 'str' does not support the buffer interface。我知道SQLAlchemy支持python 3+,所以这就是问题所在。
请注意,如果我正确执行了我的交易,则不会抛出任何错误。
有没有办法解决这个问题而无需覆盖traceback.py中的代码?
答案 0 :(得分:2)
您看到的错误不是(至少直接)由SQLAlchemy引起的,而是由SQLAlchemy,IPython和您尝试使用transaction
的方式的组合引起的。如果您遵循这些工具的推荐用法,它将会消失。
免责声明:以下不是在金字塔中使用作用域会话和ZopeTransactionExtension的推荐方法,但我希望尽可能贴近您提供的代码。
将它放在一个文件中并从安装了SQLAlchemy的virtualenv运行它,您将看到来自SQLAlchemy的正确错误消息:
from sqlalchemy import types
from sqlalchemy import create_engine
from sqlalchemy.schema import Column
from zope.sqlalchemy import ZopeTransactionExtension
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker, scoped_session
Base = declarative_base()
class User(Base):
__tablename__ = 'user'
name = Column(types.String, primary_key=True)
def pretend_view(request):
"""Pretend view in a Pyramid application using pyramid_tm"""
import transaction
user = User()
with transaction.manager:
DBSession.add(user)
return user
if __name__ == '__main__':
engine = create_engine('sqlite://')
global DBSession
DBSession = scoped_session(
sessionmaker(extension=ZopeTransactionExtension()))
DBSession.configure(bind=engine)
Base.metadata.bind = engine
Base.metadata.create_all()
#import IPython; IPython.embed()
pretend_view("dummy request")
生成此例外:sqlalchemy.exc.IntegrityError: (IntegrityError) NOT NULL constraint failed: user.name u'INSERT INTO user DEFAULT VALUES' ()
如果您启动IPython并运行pretend_view,您将收到您提到的unicode错误。
正确使用pyramid_tm
现在,如果您想在IPython中看到正确的错误消息,请“正确”使用会话!
通常没有理由在代码中明确使用transaction
;当视图自动返回时,pyramid_tm将提交事务(假设没有引发异常)。这将是运行视图的正确方法,即使在IPython中也会产生正确的异常:
def pretend_view(request):
"""Pretend view in a Pyramid application using pyramid_tm"""
session = DBSession() # You're using a sessionmaker, so you should make a session!
user = User()
session.add(user)
session.flush()
return user
如果您真的想从视图中提交事务:
def pretend_view(request):
"""Pretend view in a Pyramid application using pyramid_tm"""
session = DBSession()
user = User()
session.add(user)
session.flush()
import transaction
transaction.commit()
return user
其他资源
SQLAlchemy-Pyramid食谱:http://docs.pylonsproject.org/projects/pyramid/en/latest/tutorials/wiki2/index.html#bfg-sql-wiki-tutorial
pyramid_tm文档:http://pyramid-tm.readthedocs.org/en/latest/