我有以下SQL语法的两个问题：
#define BOOST_SPIRIT_QI_DEBUG
#include <boost/spirit/include/qi.hpp>
#include <boost/spirit/include/lex_lexertl.hpp>
#include <boost/spirit/include/phoenix.hpp>
#include <boost/spirit/include/karma.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/include/adapt_struct.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/include/std_pair.hpp>
#include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <boost/make_shared.hpp>
#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <set>
#include <utility>
namespace bs = boost::spirit;
namespace lex = boost::spirit::lex;
namespace qi = boost::spirit::qi;
namespace phx = boost::phoenix;
// Token definition base, defines all tokens for the base grammar below
template <typename Lexer>
struct sql_tokens : lex::lexer<Lexer>
{
public:
// Tokens with no attributes.
lex::token_def<lex::omit> type_smallint, type_int, type_varchar, type_text, type_date;
lex::token_def<lex::omit> kw_not_null, kw_auto_increment, kw_unique, kw_default, kw_create,
kw_table, kw_constraint, kw_primary_key;
// Attributed tokens. (If you add a new type, don't forget to add it to the lex::lexertl::token definition too).
lex::token_def<int> signed_digit;
lex::token_def<std::size_t> unsigned_digit;
lex::token_def<std::string> identifier;
lex::token_def<std::string> quoted_string;
sql_tokens()
{
// Column data types.
type_smallint = "(?i:smallint)";
type_int = "(?i:int)";
type_varchar = "(?i:varchar)";
type_text = "(?i:text)";
type_date = "(?i:date)";
// Keywords.
kw_not_null = "(?i:not +null)";
kw_auto_increment = "(?i:auto_increment)";
kw_unique = "(?i:unique)";
kw_default = "(?i:default)";
kw_create = "(?i:create)";
kw_table = "(?i:table)";
kw_constraint = "(?i:constraint)";
kw_primary_key = "(?i:primary +key)";
// Values.
signed_digit = "[+-]?[0-9]+";
unsigned_digit = "[0-9]+";
quoted_string = "\\\"(\\\\.|[^\\\"])*\\\""; // \"(\\.|[^\"])*\"
// Identifier.
identifier = "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*";
// The token must be added in priority order.
this->self += lex::token_def<>('(') | ')' | ',' | ';';
this->self += type_smallint | type_int | type_varchar | type_text |
type_date;
this->self += kw_not_null | kw_auto_increment | kw_unique | kw_default |
kw_create | kw_table | kw_constraint | kw_primary_key;
this->self += identifier | unsigned_digit | signed_digit | quoted_string;
// define the whitespace to ignore.
this->self("WS")
= lex::token_def<>("[ \\t\\n]+")
| "--[^\\n]*\\n" // Single line comments with --
| "\\/\\*[^*]*\\*+([^/*][^*]*\\*+)*\\/" // C-style comments
;
}
};
// Grammar definition, define a little part of the SQL language.
template <typename Iterator, typename Lexer>
struct sql_grammar
: qi::grammar<Iterator, qi::in_state_skipper<Lexer> >
{
template <typename TokenDef>
sql_grammar(TokenDef const& tok)
: sql_grammar::base_type(program, "program")
{
program
= (statement % ';') >> *qi::lit(';')
;
statement
= create_statement.alias()
;
create_statement
= tok.kw_create >> create_table
;
create_table
= tok.kw_table >> tok.identifier >> '(' >> create_table_columns >> -(',' >> table_constraints) >> ')'
;
table_constraints
= constraint_definition % ','
;
constraint_definition
= tok.kw_constraint >> tok.identifier >> primary_key_constraint
;
primary_key_constraint
= tok.kw_primary_key >> '(' >> (tok.identifier % ',') >> ')'
;
create_table_columns
= column_definition % ','
;
column_definition
= tok.identifier >> column_type >> *type_constraint
;
type_constraint
= tok.kw_not_null
| tok.kw_auto_increment
| tok.kw_unique
| default_value
;
default_value
= tok.kw_default > tok.quoted_string
;
column_type
= tok.type_smallint
| tok.type_int
| (tok.type_varchar > '(' > tok.unsigned_digit > ')')
| tok.type_text
| tok.type_date
;
program.name("program");
statement.name("statement");
create_statement.name("create statement");
create_table.name("create table");
create_table_columns.name("create table columns");
column_definition.name("column definition");
column_type.name("column type");
default_value.name("default value");
type_constraint.name("type constraint");
table_constraints.name("table constraints");
constraint_definition.name("constraint definition");
primary_key_constraint.name("primary key constraint");
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(program);
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(statement);
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(create_statement);
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(create_table);
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(create_table_columns);
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(column_definition);
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(column_type);
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(default_value);
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(type_constraint);
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(table_constraints);
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(constraint_definition);
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(primary_key_constraint);
using namespace qi::labels;
qi::on_error<qi::fail>
(
program,
std::cout
<< phx::val("Error! Expecting ")
<< bs::_4 // what failed?
<< phx::val(" here: \"")
<< phx::construct<std::string>(bs::_3, bs::_2) // iterators to error-pos, end
<< phx::val("\"")
<< std::endl
);
}
private:
typedef qi::in_state_skipper<Lexer> skipper_type;
typedef qi::rule<Iterator, skipper_type> simple_rule;
simple_rule program, statement, create_statement, create_table, table_constraints, constraint_definition;
simple_rule primary_key_constraint, create_table_columns, column_definition, type_constraint, default_value, column_type;
};
std::string file2string(const std::string& filename)
{
std::ifstream s(filename.c_str(), std::ios_base::binary);
std::stringstream ss;
ss << s.rdbuf();
return ss.str();
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
if(argc != 2)
{
std::cerr << "usage: " << argv[0] << " schema_filename\n";
return 1;
}
// iterator type used to expose the underlying input stream
typedef std::string::iterator base_iterator_type;
// This is the lexer token type to use.
typedef lex::lexertl::token<
base_iterator_type, boost::mpl::vector<int, std::size_t, std::string>
> token_type;
// Here we use the lexertl based lexer engine.
typedef lex::lexertl::lexer<token_type> lexer_type;
// This is the token definition type (derived from the given lexer type).
typedef sql_tokens<lexer_type> sql_tokens;
// this is the iterator type exposed by the lexer
typedef sql_tokens::iterator_type iterator_type;
// this is the type of the grammar to parse
typedef sql_grammar<iterator_type, sql_tokens::lexer_def> sql_grammar;
// now we use the types defined above to create the lexer and grammar
// object instances needed to invoke the parsing process
sql_tokens tokens; // Our lexer
sql_grammar sql(tokens); // Our parser
std::string str(file2string(argv[1]));
// At this point we generate the iterator pair used to expose the
// tokenized input stream.
base_iterator_type it = str.begin();
iterator_type iter = tokens.begin(it, str.end());
iterator_type end = tokens.end();
// Parsing is done based on the the token stream, not the character
// stream read from the input.
// Note how we use the lexer defined above as the skip parser. It must
// be explicitly wrapped inside a state directive, switching the lexer
// state for the duration of skipping whitespace.
std::string ws("WS");
bool r = qi::phrase_parse(iter, end, sql, qi::in_state(ws)[tokens.self]);
if (r && iter == end)
{
std::cout << "-------------------------\n";
std::cout << "Parsing succeeded\n";
std::cout << "-------------------------\n";
}
else
{
std::cout << "-------------------------\n";
std::cout << "Parsing failed\n";
std::cout << "-------------------------\n";
}
return 0;
}
当文件以注释开头时，解析会立即失败：
/* bouh */
CREATE TABLE mytable (
id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT
);
使用这个失败的树：
<program>
<try>[/]</try>
<statement>
<try>[/]</try>
<create_statement>
<try>[/]</try>
<fail/>
</create_statement>
<fail/>
</statement>
<fail/>
</program>
但是，如果我之前添加一行返回，它就可以了。两种类型的评论（“ - ”和“/ ** /”）都失败了。
解析在非常特定的条件下失败，关键字为unique。当unique是大写字母并且后面跟一个逗号时，它不起作用。
以下所有案例均获得成功：
-- Success
CREATE TABLE Addon (
id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
u smallint NOT NULL UNIQUE
);
-- Success
CREATE TABLE Addon (
id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
u smallint NOT NULL unique,
s int NOT NULL UNIQUE
);
-- Success
CREATE TABLE Addon (
id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
u smallint NOT NULL UNIQUE ,
s int NOT NULL UNIQUE
);
-- Success
CREATE TABLE Addon (
id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
u smallint UNIQUE NOT NULL,
s int NOT NULL UNIQUE
);
但是这个没有：
-- Fail
CREATE TABLE Addon (
id int NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
u smallint NOT NULL UNIQUE,
s int NOT NULL
);
你有什么错误的想法吗？ 谢谢！
答案 0 :(得分：3)
关于空格跳过，我只能得出结论，最初没有进行跳前（可能是状态未正确切换）。
当然，您可以尝试使用 I misrembered the API，您只能这样做使用手动标记化来做到这一点，这首先排除了Qi的状态切换。 lex::tokenize_and_parse API（将初始状态传递为“WS”）来解决此问题。
然而，我倾向于做的是跳过词法分析员的责任：
ws = "[ \\t\\n]+";
comment = "--[^\\n]*\\n"; // Single line comments with --
cstyle_comment = "\\/\\*[^*]*\\*+([^/*][^*]*\\*+)*\\/"; // C-style comments
this->self += ws [ lex::_pass = lex::pass_flags::pass_ignore ]
| comment [ lex::_pass = lex::pass_flags::pass_ignore ]
| cstyle_comment [ lex::_pass = lex::pass_flags::pass_ignore ]
;
现在根本不需要使用队长，这成功解析了第一个问题（从注释开始）。
完整代码： Live On Coliru
寻找#ifdef STATE_WS
//#define BOOST_SPIRIT_QI_DEBUG
//#define STATE_WS
#include <boost/spirit/include/qi.hpp>
#include <boost/spirit/include/lex_lexertl.hpp>
#include <boost/spirit/include/phoenix.hpp>
#include <boost/spirit/include/karma.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/include/adapt_struct.hpp>
#include <boost/fusion/include/std_pair.hpp>
#include <boost/algorithm/string.hpp>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <boost/make_shared.hpp>
#include <boost/lexical_cast.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>
#include <set>
#include <utility>
namespace bs = boost::spirit;
namespace lex = boost::spirit::lex;
namespace qi = boost::spirit::qi;
namespace phx = boost::phoenix;
// Token definition base, defines all tokens for the base grammar below
template <typename Lexer>
struct sql_tokens : lex::lexer<Lexer>
{
public:
// Tokens with no attributes.
lex::token_def<lex::omit> type_smallint;
lex::token_def<lex::omit> type_int;
lex::token_def<lex::omit> type_varchar;
lex::token_def<lex::omit> type_text;
lex::token_def<lex::omit> type_date;
lex::token_def<lex::omit> kw_not_null;
lex::token_def<lex::omit> kw_auto_increment;
lex::token_def<lex::omit> kw_unique;
lex::token_def<lex::omit> kw_default;
lex::token_def<lex::omit> kw_create;
lex::token_def<lex::omit> kw_table;
lex::token_def<lex::omit> kw_constraint;
lex::token_def<lex::omit> kw_primary_key;
// Attributed tokens. (If you add a new type, don't forget to add it to the lex::lexertl::token definition too).
lex::token_def<int> signed_digit;
lex::token_def<std::size_t> unsigned_digit;
lex::token_def<std::string> identifier;
lex::token_def<std::string> quoted_string;
lex::token_def<lex::omit> ws, comment, cstyle_comment;
sql_tokens()
{
// Column data types.
type_smallint = "(?i:smallint)";
type_int = "(?i:int)";
type_varchar = "(?i:varchar)";
type_text = "(?i:text)";
type_date = "(?i:date)";
// Keywords.
kw_not_null = "(?i:not +null)";
kw_auto_increment = "(?i:auto_increment)";
kw_unique = "(?i:unique)";
kw_default = "(?i:default)";
kw_create = "(?i:create)";
kw_table = "(?i:table)";
kw_constraint = "(?i:constraint)";
kw_primary_key = "(?i:primary +key)";
// Values.
signed_digit = "[+-]?[0-9]+";
unsigned_digit = "[0-9]+";
quoted_string = "\\\"(\\\\.|[^\\\"])*\\\""; // \"(\\.|[^\"])*\"
// Identifier.
identifier = "[a-zA-Z][a-zA-Z0-9_]*";
// The token must be added in priority order.
this->self += lex::token_def<>('(') | ')' | ',' | ';';
this->self += type_smallint | type_int | type_varchar | type_text |
type_date;
this->self += kw_not_null | kw_auto_increment | kw_unique | kw_default |
kw_create | kw_table | kw_constraint | kw_primary_key;
this->self += identifier | unsigned_digit | signed_digit | quoted_string;
#ifdef STATE_WS
// define the whitespace to ignore.
this->self("WS")
= ws
| comment
| cstyle_comment
;
#else
ws = "[ \\t\\n]+";
comment = "--[^\\n]*\\n"; // Single line comments with --
cstyle_comment = "\\/\\*[^*]*\\*+([^/*][^*]*\\*+)*\\/"; // C-style comments
this->self += ws [ lex::_pass = lex::pass_flags::pass_ignore ]
| comment [ lex::_pass = lex::pass_flags::pass_ignore ]
| cstyle_comment [ lex::_pass = lex::pass_flags::pass_ignore ]
;
#endif
}
};
// Grammar definition, define a little part of the SQL language.
template <typename Iterator, typename Lexer>
struct sql_grammar
#ifdef STATE_WS
: qi::grammar<Iterator, qi::in_state_skipper<Lexer> >
#else
: qi::grammar<Iterator>
#endif
{
template <typename TokenDef>
sql_grammar(TokenDef const& tok)
: sql_grammar::base_type(program, "program")
{
program
= (statement % ';') >> *qi::lit(';')
;
statement
= create_statement.alias()
;
create_statement
= tok.kw_create >> create_table
;
create_table
= tok.kw_table >> tok.identifier >> '(' >> create_table_columns >> -(',' >> table_constraints) >> ')'
;
table_constraints
= constraint_definition % ','
;
constraint_definition
= tok.kw_constraint >> tok.identifier >> primary_key_constraint
;
primary_key_constraint
= tok.kw_primary_key >> '(' >> (tok.identifier % ',') >> ')'
;
create_table_columns
= column_definition % ','
;
column_definition
= tok.identifier >> column_type >> *type_constraint
;
type_constraint
= tok.kw_not_null
| tok.kw_auto_increment
| tok.kw_unique
| default_value
;
default_value
= tok.kw_default > tok.quoted_string
;
column_type
= tok.type_smallint
| tok.type_int
| (tok.type_varchar > '(' > tok.unsigned_digit > ')')
| tok.type_text
| tok.type_date
;
program.name("program");
statement.name("statement");
create_statement.name("create statement");
create_table.name("create table");
create_table_columns.name("create table columns");
column_definition.name("column definition");
column_type.name("column type");
default_value.name("default value");
type_constraint.name("type constraint");
table_constraints.name("table constraints");
constraint_definition.name("constraint definition");
primary_key_constraint.name("primary key constraint");
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(program);
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(statement);
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(create_statement);
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(create_table);
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(create_table_columns);
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(column_definition);
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(column_type);
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(default_value);
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(type_constraint);
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(table_constraints);
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(constraint_definition);
BOOST_SPIRIT_DEBUG_NODE(primary_key_constraint);
using namespace qi::labels;
qi::on_error<qi::fail>
(
program,
std::cout
<< phx::val("Error! Expecting ")
<< bs::_4 // what failed?
<< phx::val(" here: \"")
<< phx::construct<std::string>(bs::_3, bs::_2) // iterators to error-pos, end
<< phx::val("\"")
<< std::endl
);
}
private:
#ifdef STATE_WS
typedef qi::in_state_skipper<Lexer> skipper_type;
#else
typedef qi::unused_type skipper_type;
#endif
typedef qi::rule<Iterator, skipper_type> simple_rule;
simple_rule program, statement, create_statement, create_table, table_constraints, constraint_definition;
simple_rule primary_key_constraint, create_table_columns, column_definition, type_constraint, default_value, column_type;
};
std::string cin2string()
{
std::istreambuf_iterator<char> f(std::cin), l;
std::string result;
std::copy(f, l, std::back_inserter(result));
return result;
}
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
// iterator type used to expose the underlying input stream
typedef std::string::const_iterator base_iterator_type;
// This is the lexer token type to use.
typedef lex::lexertl::token<
base_iterator_type, boost::mpl::vector<int, std::size_t, std::string>
> token_type;
#ifdef STATE_WS
typedef lex::lexertl::lexer<token_type> lexer_type;
#else
typedef lex::lexertl::actor_lexer<token_type> lexer_type;
#endif
// This is the token definition type (derived from the given lexer type).
typedef sql_tokens<lexer_type> sql_tokens;
// this is the iterator type exposed by the lexer
typedef sql_tokens::iterator_type iterator_type;
// this is the type of the grammar to parse
typedef sql_grammar<iterator_type, sql_tokens::lexer_def> sql_grammar;
// now we use the types defined above to create the lexer and grammar
// object instances needed to invoke the parsing process
sql_tokens tokens; // Our lexer
sql_grammar sql(tokens); // Our parser
const std::string str = cin2string();
// At this point we generate the iterator pair used to expose the
// tokenized input stream.
base_iterator_type it = str.begin();
iterator_type iter = tokens.begin(it, str.end());
iterator_type end = tokens.end();
// Parsing is done based on the the token stream, not the character
// stream read from the input.
// Note how we use the lexer defined above as the skip parser. It must
// be explicitly wrapped inside a state directive, switching the lexer
// state for the duration of skipping whitespace.
#ifdef STATE_WS
std::string ws("WS");
bool r = qi::phrase_parse(iter, end, sql, qi::in_state(ws)[tokens.self]);
#else
bool r = qi::parse(iter, end, sql);
#endif
if (r && iter == end)
{
std::cout << "-------------------------\n";
std::cout << "Parsing succeeded\n";
std::cout << "-------------------------\n";
}
else
{
std::cout << "-------------------------\n";
std::cout << "Parsing failed\n";
std::cout << "-------------------------\n";
}
return 0;
}