使用特定规则在Python中生成排列

时间:2013-06-30 04:17:46

标签: python algorithm permutation knapsack-problem

假设a = [A,B,C,D],每个元素具有权重w,如果选择则设置为1,否则为0。我想按以下顺序生成排列

1,1,1,1
1,1,1,0
1,1,0,1
1,1,0,0
1,0,1,1
1,0,1,0
1,0,0,1
1,0,0,0

0,1,1,1
0,1,1,0
0,1,0,1
0,1,0,0
0,0,1,1
0,0,1,0
0,0,0,1
0,0,0,0

对于项目A,B,C,D ......和max_weight = 4,让w = [1,2,3,4]。对于每个排列,如果累加权重超过max_weight,则停止计算该排列,转到下一个排列。例如。

1,1,1    --> 6 > 4, exceeded, stop, move to next
1,1,1    --> 6 > 4, exceeded, stop, move to next  
1,1,0,1  --> 7 > 4  finished, move to next  
1,1,0,0  --> 3      finished, move to next  
1,0,1,1  --> 8 > 4, finished, move to next
1,0,1,0  --> 4      finished, move to next  
1,0,0,1  --> 5 > 4  finished, move to next  
1,0,0,0  --> 1      finished, move to next  
etc calculation continue

到目前为止,[1,0,1,0]是最佳组合,不超过max_weight 4

我的问题是

  1. 生成所需排列的算法是什么?或者我可以产生排列的任何建议?
  2. 由于元素的数量可以达到10000,并且如果分支的累加权重超过max_weight,计算停止,则不必在计算之前首先生成所有排列。 (1)中的算法如何在飞行中产生排列?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:3)

使用itertools.product函数生成排列。

from itertools import *

w = [1,2,3,4]
max_weight = 4
for selection in product([1,0], repeat=len(w)):
    accum = sum(compress(w, selection))
    if accum > 4:
        print '{}  --> {} > {}, exceeded, stop, move to next'.format(selection, accum, max_weight)
    else:
        print '{}  --> {}    , finished, move to next'.format(selection, accum)

使用itertools.compress按选择过滤权重。

>>> from itertools import *
>>> compress([1,2,3,4], [1,0,1,1])
<itertools.compress object at 0x00000000027A07F0>
>>> list(compress([1,2,3,4], [1,0,1,1]))
[1, 3, 4]

答案 1 :(得分:0)

手动,你可以这样做(我建议尽管itertools):

t = [1,0]
max = 4
ans = [[i,j,k,l] for i in t for j in t for k in t for l in t if i*1+j*2+k*3+l*4 <= max]
#[[1, 1, 0, 0],
# [1, 0, 1, 0],
# [1, 0, 0, 0],
# [0, 1, 0, 0],
# [0, 0, 1, 0],
# [0, 0, 0, 1],
# [0, 0, 0, 0]]