.NET控件上的Direct3D - 屏幕刷新率

Question

我使用Direct3D 9渲染到System.Windows.Forms.Control。

我的渲染循环不会超过120 FPS，这是我的屏幕的刷新率。我尝试更改刷新率，它实际上确实限制了渲染循环。另外，我发现IDirect3DDevice9::Present(/*...*/)限制了渲染速度。如何消除此限制？

D3D初始化：

// ctrl : System::Windows::Forms::Control

int render_w = ctrl->Width;
int render_h = ctrl->Height;
HWND ctrl_hnd = (HWND)ctrl->Handle.ToPointer();

// d3dpp : D3DPRESENT_PARAMETERS

d3dpp.hDeviceWindow = ctrl_hnd;
d3dpp.Windowed = TRUE;
d3dpp.BackBufferWidth = render_w;
d3dpp.BackBufferHeight = render_h;
// and further settings...

// d3d : LPDIRECT3D9
// d3ddev : LPDIRECT3DDEVICE9

d3d->CreateDevice(
    D3DADAPTER_DEFAULT,
    D3DDEVTYPE_HAL,
    ctrl_hnd,
    D3DCREATE_HARDWARE_VERTEXPROCESSING,
    &d3dpp,
    &d3ddev);