在PyQt中使用QThread的正确方法示例?

时间:2013-06-02 05:09:43

标签: python pyqt pyqt4 qthread

我试图学习如何在PyQt Gui应用程序中使用QThreads。我有一些运行一段时间的东西,有(通常)点我可以更新一个Gui,但我想将主要工作拆分到它自己的线程(有时候东西会卡住,最终会有一个很好的取消/再试一次按钮,如果由于主循环被阻止,Gui被冻结,这显然不起作用。)

我已阅读https://mayaposch.wordpress.com/2011/11/01/how-to-really-truly-use-qthreads-the-full-explanation/。该页面说重新实现run方法不是这样做的方法。我遇到的问题是找到一个PyQt示例,其中有一个主线程正在执行Gui,而一个工作线程没有这样做。这篇博文是针对C ++的,所以虽然它的例子确实有帮助,但我还是有点迷失。有人可以指点我在Python中使用正确方法的一个例子吗?

2 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:10)

这是一个单独的工作线程的工作示例,它可以发送和接收信号以允许它与GUI通信。

我制作了两个简单的按钮,一个在单独的线程中开始长时间计算,另一个立即终止计算并重置工作线程。

强制终止一个线程就像在这里做的一般不是最好的做事方式,但有些情况下总是优雅地退出不是一个选项。

from PyQt4 import QtGui, QtCore
import sys
import random

class Example(QtCore.QObject):

    signalStatus = QtCore.pyqtSignal(str)

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(self.__class__, self).__init__(parent)

        # Create a gui object.
        self.gui = Window()

        # Create a new worker thread.
        self.createWorkerThread()

        # Make any cross object connections.
        self._connectSignals()

        self.gui.show()


    def _connectSignals(self):
        self.gui.button_cancel.clicked.connect(self.forceWorkerReset)
        self.signalStatus.connect(self.gui.updateStatus)
        self.parent().aboutToQuit.connect(self.forceWorkerQuit)


    def createWorkerThread(self):

        # Setup the worker object and the worker_thread.
        self.worker = WorkerObject()
        self.worker_thread = QtCore.QThread()
        self.worker.moveToThread(self.worker_thread)
        self.worker_thread.start()

        # Connect any worker signals
        self.worker.signalStatus.connect(self.gui.updateStatus)
        self.gui.button_start.clicked.connect(self.worker.startWork)


    def forceWorkerReset(self):      
        if self.worker_thread.isRunning():
            print('Terminating thread.')
            self.worker_thread.terminate()

            print('Waiting for thread termination.')
            self.worker_thread.wait()

            self.signalStatus.emit('Idle.')

            print('building new working object.')
            self.createWorkerThread()


    def forceWorkerQuit(self):
        if self.worker_thread.isRunning():
            self.worker_thread.terminate()
            self.worker_thread.wait()


class WorkerObject(QtCore.QObject):

    signalStatus = QtCore.pyqtSignal(str)

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(self.__class__, self).__init__(parent)

    @QtCore.pyqtSlot()        
    def startWork(self):
        for ii in range(7):
            number = random.randint(0,5000**ii)
            self.signalStatus.emit('Iteration: {}, Factoring: {}'.format(ii, number))
            factors = self.primeFactors(number)
            print('Number: ', number, 'Factors: ', factors)
        self.signalStatus.emit('Idle.')

    def primeFactors(self, n):
        i = 2
        factors = []
        while i * i <= n:
            if n % i:
                i += 1
            else:
                n //= i
                factors.append(i)
        if n > 1:
            factors.append(n)
        return factors


class Window(QtGui.QWidget):

    def __init__(self):
        QtGui.QWidget.__init__(self)
        self.button_start = QtGui.QPushButton('Start', self)
        self.button_cancel = QtGui.QPushButton('Cancel', self)
        self.label_status = QtGui.QLabel('', self)

        layout = QtGui.QVBoxLayout(self)
        layout.addWidget(self.button_start)
        layout.addWidget(self.button_cancel)
        layout.addWidget(self.label_status)

        self.setFixedSize(400, 200)

    @QtCore.pyqtSlot(str)
    def updateStatus(self, status):
        self.label_status.setText(status)


if __name__=='__main__':
    app = QtGui.QApplication(sys.argv)
    example = Example(app)
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

答案 1 :(得分:0)

在主线程正在执行GUI时,让工作线程进行处理是一件好事。此外,PyQt为线程检测提供了一个线程安全的信号/槽机制。

This may sound of interest。在他们的示例中,他们构建了一个GUI

import sys, time
from PyQt4 import QtCore, QtGui

class MyApp(QtGui.QWidget):
 def __init__(self, parent=None):
  QtGui.QWidget.__init__(self, parent)

  self.setGeometry(300, 300, 280, 600)
  self.setWindowTitle('threads')

  self.layout = QtGui.QVBoxLayout(self)

  self.testButton = QtGui.QPushButton("test")
  self.connect(self.testButton, QtCore.SIGNAL("released()"), self.test)
  self.listwidget = QtGui.QListWidget(self)

  self.layout.addWidget(self.testButton)
  self.layout.addWidget(self.listwidget)

 def add(self, text):
  """ Add item to list widget """
  print "Add: " + text
  self.listwidget.addItem(text)
  self.listwidget.sortItems()

 def addBatch(self,text="test",iters=6,delay=0.3):
  """ Add several items to list widget """
  for i in range(iters):
   time.sleep(delay) # artificial time delay
   self.add(text+" "+str(i))

 def test(self):
  self.listwidget.clear()
  # adding entries just from main application: locks ui
  self.addBatch("_non_thread",iters=6,delay=0.3)

(包含列表小部件的简单ui,我们将通过单击按钮添加一些项目)

然后你可以创建我们自己的线程类,一个例子是

class WorkThread(QtCore.QThread):
 def __init__(self):
  QtCore.QThread.__init__(self)

 def __del__(self):
  self.wait()

 def run(self):
  for i in range(6):
   time.sleep(0.3) # artificial time delay
   self.emit( QtCore.SIGNAL('update(QString)'), "from work thread " + str(i) )

  self.terminate()

您确实重新定义了run()方法。您可以找到terminate()的替代方法,请参阅教程。