我正在尝试动态加载JS脚本,但使用jQuery不是一种选择。
我查看了jQuery源代码,了解getScript是如何实现的,这样我就可以使用该方法使用本机JS加载脚本。但是,getScript只调用jQuery.get()
我无法找到get方法的实现位置。
所以我的问题是,
使用本机JavaScript实现自己的getScript方法有什么可靠的方法?
谢谢!
答案 0 :(得分:78)
这是一个带有回调功能的jQuery getScript替代方案:
function getScript(source, callback) {
var script = document.createElement('script');
var prior = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];
script.async = 1;
script.onload = script.onreadystatechange = function( _, isAbort ) {
if(isAbort || !script.readyState || /loaded|complete/.test(script.readyState) ) {
script.onload = script.onreadystatechange = null;
script = undefined;
if(!isAbort && callback) setTimeout(callback, 0);
}
};
script.src = source;
prior.parentNode.insertBefore(script, prior);
}
答案 1 :(得分:28)
您可以像这样获取脚本:
(function(document, tag) {
var scriptTag = document.createElement(tag), // create a script tag
firstScriptTag = document.getElementsByTagName(tag)[0]; // find the first script tag in the document
scriptTag.src = 'your-script.js'; // set the source of the script to your script
firstScriptTag.parentNode.insertBefore(scriptTag, firstScriptTag); // append the script to the DOM
}(document, 'script'));
答案 2 :(得分:10)
首先,感谢@ Mahn的回答。我在ES6中重写了他的解决方案并承诺,如果有人需要它,我将在这里粘贴我的代码:
const scriptUrl = 'https://www.google.com/recaptcha/api.js?onload=onRecaptchaLoad&render=explicit';
loadScript(scriptUrl).then(() => {
console.log('script loaded');
}, () => {
console.log('fail to load script');
});
用法:
EffectComposer
并且代码已经过了。
答案 3 :(得分:8)
使用此
var js_script = document.createElement('script');
js_script.type = "text/javascript";
js_script.src = "http://www.example.com/script.js";
js_script.async = true;
document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(js_script);
答案 4 :(得分:2)
这将完善以前的ES6解决方案,并且可以在所有现代浏览器中使用
const getScript = url => new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
const script = document.createElement('script')
script.src = url
script.async = true
script.onerror = reject
script.onload = script.onreadystatechange = function() {
const loadState = this.readyState
if (loadState && loadState !== 'loaded' && loadState !== 'complete') return
script.onload = script.onreadystatechange = null
resolve()
}
document.head.appendChild(script)
})
getScript('https://dummyjs.com/js')
.then(() => {
console.log('Loaded', dummy.text())
})
.catch(() => {
console.error('Could not load script')
})
也适用于JSONP端点
const callbackName = `_${Date.now()}`
getScript('http://example.com/jsonp?callback=' + callbackName)
.then(() => {
const data = window[callbackName];
console.log('Loaded', data)
})
另外,请注意所列的一些AJAX解决方案,因为它们受现代浏览器https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS
的CORS政策约束答案 5 :(得分:0)
Mozilla Developer Network provides an example,它可以异步工作,并且不使用HTMLScriptTag中未真正存在的“ onreadystatechange”(来自@ShaneX的回答):
function loadError(oError) {
throw new URIError("The script " + oError.target.src + " didn't load correctly.");
}
function prefixScript(url, onloadFunction) {
var newScript = document.createElement("script");
newScript.onerror = loadError;
if (onloadFunction) { newScript.onload = onloadFunction; }
document.currentScript.parentNode.insertBefore(newScript, document.currentScript);
newScript.src = url;
}
样品用量:
prefixScript("myScript1.js");
prefixScript("myScript2.js", function () { alert("The script \"myScript2.js\" has been correctly loaded."); });
但是,应考虑@Agamemnus的注释:调用onloadFunction
时,脚本可能未完全加载。可以使用计时器setTimeout(func, 0)
来使事件循环将添加的脚本最终确定为文档。事件循环最终会调用计时器后面的函数,并且脚本应该在此时准备就绪。
但是,也许应该考虑返回一个Promise而不是提供两个用于异常和成功处理的功能,这将是ES6方式。这也将不需要计时器,因为Promise由事件循环处理-因为在处理Promise时,脚本已由事件循环完成。
实施Mozilla的方法(包括Promises),最终代码如下:
function loadScript(url)
{
return new Promise(function(resolve, reject)
{
let newScript = document.createElement("script");
newScript.onerror = reject;
newScript.onload = resolve;
document.currentScript.parentNode.insertBefore(newScript, document.currentScript);
newScript.src = url;
});
}
loadScript("test.js").then(() => { FunctionFromExportedScript(); }).catch(() => { console.log("rejected!"); });
答案 6 :(得分:0)
这里有一些很好的解决方案,但是许多已经过时了。 @Mahn有一个good one,但正如注释中所述,它并不是$.getScript()
的完全替代,因为回调不接收数据。我已经编写了自己的函数来代替$.get()
,并在需要它来处理脚本时放到这里。我能够使用@Mahn的解决方案,并与当前的$.get()
替代品一起对其进行一些修改,并提出一些效果很好且易于实现的东西。
function pullScript(url, callback){
pull(url, function loadReturn(data, status, xhr){
//If call returned with a good status
if(status == 200){
var script = document.createElement('script');
//Instead of setting .src set .innerHTML
script.innerHTML = data;
document.querySelector('head').appendChild(script);
}
if(typeof callback != 'undefined'){
//If callback was given skip an execution frame and run callback passing relevant arguments
setTimeout(function runCallback(){callback(data, status, xhr)}, 0);
}
});
}
function pull(url, callback, method = 'GET', async = true) {
//Make sure we have a good method to run
method = method.toUpperCase();
if(!(method === 'GET' || method === 'POST' || method === 'HEAD')){
throw new Error('method must either be GET, POST, or HEAD');
}
//Setup our request
var xhr = new XMLHttpRequest();
xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
if (xhr.readyState == XMLHttpRequest.DONE) { // XMLHttpRequest.DONE == 4
//Once the request has completed fire the callback with relevant arguments
//you should handle in your callback if it was successful or not
callback(xhr.responseText, xhr.status, xhr);
}
};
//Open and send request
xhr.open(method, url, async);
xhr.send();
}
现在,我们可以替换$.get()
和$.getScript()
,它们的工作原理很简单:
pullScript(file1, function(data, status, xhr){
console.log(data);
console.log(status);
console.log(xhr);
});
pullScript(file2);
pull(file3, function loadReturn(data, status){
if(status == 200){
document.querySelector('#content').innerHTML = data;
}
}
答案 7 :(得分:0)
window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',
function() {
var head = document.getElementsByTagName('HEAD')[0];
var script = document.createElement('script');
script.src = "/Content/index.js";
head.appendChild(script);
});