python:什么阻止对象破坏?

时间:2013-05-24 07:28:21

标签: python garbage-collection

如果在函数中定义类实例,则当函数退出时,实例将因范围超出而自动销毁。这可以通过一个小程序简单地验证:

class A(object):
    def __del__(self):
        print 'deleting A ', id(self)

class B(A):
    def __init__(self):
        self.a = A()

    def __del__(self):
        print 'deleting B ', id(self)
        super(B, self).__del__()


def test():
    b = B()
    print 'this is ', b

test()

输出结果为:

this is  <__main__.B object at 0x01BC6150>
deleting B  29122896
deleting A  29122896
deleting A  29122960

但我遇到了一个奇怪的问题。当我从novaclient继承一个类时,实例永远不会被自动销毁。

from novaclient.v1_1.client import Client as NovaClient

class ViviNovaClient(NovaClient):
    def __init__(self, auth_token, url, tenant_id):
        super(ViviNovaClient, self).__init__(None, None, tenant_id, auth_url = 'http')
        self.client.management_url = url
        self.client.auth_token = auth_token
        self.client.used_keyring = True;
        LOG.info('creating <ViviNovaClient> %d' % id(self))

    def __del__(self):
        LOG.info('deleting <ViviNovaClient> %d' % id(self))


if __name__ == '__main__':
    def test():
        client = ViviNovaClient('53ef4c407fed45de915681a2d6aef1ee',                                   
          'http://135.251.237.130:8774/v2/082d8fd857f44031858827d149065d9f',
           '082d8fd857f44031858827d149065d9f')

    test()

输出是:

2013-05-24 23:08:03 32240 INFO vivi.vivimain.ViviNovaClient [-] creating <ViviNovaClient> 26684304

在此测试中,“客户端”对象不会被破坏。所以我想知道什么会阻止'客户'对象自动销毁?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:5)

因为很多其他对象也存储了对客户端的引用,形成了很多reference cycles

例如,来自source code

class Client(object):
    def __init__(self, username, **etc):
        password = api_key
        self.project_id = project_id
        self.flavors = flavors.FlavorManager(self)
        # etc.

我们看到客户端将保存FlavorManager,而FlavorManager的初始化程序(Manager)也将保存对输入客户端的引用:

class Manager(utils.HookableMixin):
    def __init__(self, api):
        self.api = api

在Python启动循环收集器之前,不会立即删除这些对象。请注意,添加__del__方法prevents the cycle collector from running