Question

我需要经常调用此函数。基本上，它用非重音等效替换所有重音字符，将空格更改为“_”，转换为小写，并剥离其余的外来代码，因此可以安全地用作文件名/ url路径/等。问题是，如你所见，从性能的角度来看，它看起来很糟糕。任何人都可以想到更清洁，更快的替代方案吗？

public static String makeValidPathName(String rawString) {
    if (rawString==null) return null;
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll("[ÁÀÂÄáàäaàáâãäå]","a");
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll("æ","ae");
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll("çÇ","c");
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll("[ÈÉÊËèéêë]","e");
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll("[ìíîïÍÌÎÏ]","i");
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll("ñÑ","n");                            
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll("[ÓÓÖÔòóôõö]","o");
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll("œ","oe");
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll("[ÙÚÛÜùúûü]", "u");
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll("[ýÿ]","y");
    rawString= rawString.replaceAll("[^a-z A-Z 0-9 \\_ \\+]","");
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll(" ","_");
    return rawString.toLowerCase();
}

---编辑

好的，伙计们......我对所有4个案例进行了性能测试：

案例1）原始例程发布在此处。
案例2）@WChargin提出的改进
案例3）@devconsole建议的查找表以及我对SparseArray的优化
案例4）@Erik Pragt建议的Normalizer方法

而且......获胜者是...... TADAAA .....

D/REPLACEMENT_TEST(18563): *** Running Tests (1000 iterations)
D/REPLACEMENT_TEST(18563): Original REGEX  : 13533 ms
D/REPLACEMENT_TEST(18563): Compiled REGEX  : 12563 ms
D/REPLACEMENT_TEST(18563): Character LUT   : 1840 ms
D/REPLACEMENT_TEST(18563): Java NORMALIZER : 2416 ms

有趣的是模式编译优化没有多大帮助。
我看到我对REGEXES上的速度的假设也完全错了，并且devconsole在他对Normalizer表现优于正则表达式的有根据的猜测中是正确的。
令人惊讶的是REGEXES的速度有多慢。差异达到一个数量级真的让我感到惊讶。我将尝试在Java上避免它们。
查找表是短边距最快的选项。我会坚持使用这个解决方案，因为使用Normalizer，我仍然需要手动替换一些字符（空格为“_”），然后转换为小写。

测试是在三星Galaxy Tab v1 10.1中完成的。

请附上测试用例的源代码。

public class Misc { 

    /* Test 2 (@WCChargin's Regex compilation) initialization */

static Map<Pattern, String> patterns = new HashMap<Pattern, String>();

static {
        patterns.put(Pattern.compile("[ÁÀÂÄáàäaàáâãäå]") ,"a");
        patterns.put(Pattern.compile("æ"),"ae");
        patterns.put(Pattern.compile("çÇ"),"c");
        patterns.put(Pattern.compile("[ÈÉÊËèéêë]"),"e");
        patterns.put(Pattern.compile("[ìíîïÍÌÎÏ]"),"i");
        patterns.put(Pattern.compile("ñÑ"),"n");                            
        patterns.put(Pattern.compile("[ÓÓÖÔòóôõö]"),"o");
        patterns.put(Pattern.compile("œ"),"oe");
        patterns.put(Pattern.compile("[ÙÚÛÜùúûü]"), "u");
        patterns.put(Pattern.compile("[ýÿ]"),"y");
        patterns.put(Pattern.compile("[^a-z A-Z 0-9 \\_ \\+]"),"");
        patterns.put(Pattern.compile(" "),"_");
}

    /* Test 3 (@devconsole's Lookup table) initialization */
static SparseArray<String> homeBrewPatterns=new SparseArray<String>();
/** helper function to fill the map where many different chars map to the same replacement */
static void fillMap(String chars, String replacement) { for (int i=0,len=chars.length(); i<len; i++) homeBrewPatterns.put(chars.charAt(i), replacement); }
static {
    // fill the sparsearray map with all possible substitutions: Any char code gets its equivalent, ie, ä->a. a->a. A->a
    // this also does the toLowerCase automatically. If a char is not in the list, it is forbidden and we skip it.
    fillMap("ÁÀÂÄáàäaàáâãäå","a");
    fillMap("æ","ae");
    fillMap("çÇ","c");
    fillMap("ÈÉÊËèéêë","e");
    fillMap("ìíîïÍÌÎÏ","i");
    fillMap("ñÑ","n");
    fillMap("ÓÓÖÔòóôõö","o");
    fillMap("œ","oe");
    fillMap("ÙÚÛÜùúûü","u");
    fillMap("ýÿ","y");
    fillMap(" ","_");
    for (char c='a'; c<='z'; c++) fillMap(""+c,""+c); // fill standard ASCII lowercase -> same letter 
    for (char c='A'; c<='Z'; c++) fillMap(""+c,(""+c).toLowerCase()); // fill standard ASCII uppercase -> uppercase
    for (char c='0'; c<='9'; c++) fillMap(""+c,""+c); // fill numbers
}

    /** FUNCTION TO TEST #1: Original function, no pattern compilation */ 
public static String makeValidPathName(String rawString) {
    if (rawString==null) return null;
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll("[ÁÀÂÄáàäaàáâãäå]","a");
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll("æ","ae");
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll("çÇ","c");
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll("[ÈÉÊËèéêë]","e");
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll("[ìíîïÍÌÎÏ]","i");
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll("ñÑ","n");                            
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll("[ÓÓÖÔòóôõö]","o");
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll("œ","oe");
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll("[ÙÚÛÜùúûü]", "u");
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll("[ýÿ]","y");
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll("[^a-z A-Z 0-9 \\_ \\+]","");
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll(" ","_");
    return rawString.toLowerCase();
}
/** FUNCTION TO TEST #2: @WCChargin's suggestion: Compile patterns then iterate a map */
public static String makeValidPathName_compiled(String rawString) {
    for (Map.Entry<Pattern, String> e : patterns.entrySet()) {
        rawString=e.getKey().matcher(rawString).replaceAll(e.getValue());
    }
    return rawString.toLowerCase();
}

    /** FUNCTION TO TEST #3: @devconsole's suggestion: Create a LUT with all equivalences then append to a stringbuilder */
public static String makeValidPathName_lut(String rawString) {
    StringBuilder purified=new StringBuilder(rawString.length()); // to avoid resizing
    String aux; // to avoid creating objects inside the for
    for (int i=0, len=rawString.length(); i<len; i++) {
        aux=homeBrewPatterns.get(rawString.charAt(i));
        if (aux!=null) purified.append(aux);
    }
    return purified.toString();
}

    /** FUNCTION TO TEST #4: @Erik Pragt's suggestion on the use of a Normalizer */
public static String makeValidPathName_normalizer(String rawString) {
        return rawString == null ? null
            : Normalizer.normalize(rawString, Form.NFD)
                .replaceAll("\\p{InCombiningDiacriticalMarks}+", "");
}

    /** Test Runner as a Runnable, just do a Handler.post() to run it */

public static Runnable msStringReplacementTest=new Runnable() {

    public void run() {


    String XTAG="REPLACEMENT_TEST";

    Log.d(XTAG, "*** Running Tests");

    int ITERATIONS=1000;

    String[] holder=new String[4];

            /* http://www.adhesiontext.com/ to generate dummy long text ... its late n im tired :) */

    String tester="e arte nací valse ojales i demediada cesé entrañan domó reo ere fiaréis cinesiterapia fina pronto mensuraré la desatufases adulantes toree fusca ramiro hez apolíneo insalvable atas no enorme mí ojo trola chao fas eh borda no consignataria uno ges no arenque ahuyento y daca pío veló tenle baúl ve birria filo rho fui tañe mean taz raicita alimentarías ano defunciones u reabráis repase apreciaran cantorales ungidas naftalina ex guió abomba o escribimos consultarás des usó saudí mercó yod aborrecieses guiri lupia ña adosado jeringara fe cabalgadura tú descasar diseñe amar limarme escobero latamente e oreó lujuria niñez fabularios da inviernen vejé estañarán dictará sil mírales emoción zar claudiquéis ó e ti ñ veintén dañen ríase esmeraras acató noté as mancharlos avisen chocarnos divertidas y relata nuera usé fié élitro baba upa cu enhornan da toa hechizase genesíacos sol fija aplicó gafa pi enes fin asé deal rolar recurran cacen ha id pis pisó democristiano oes eras lañó ch pino fijad ñ quita hondazos ñ determinad vid corearan corrompimiento pamema meso fofas ocio eco amagados pian bañarla balan cuatrimestrales pijojo desmandara merecedor nu asimiladores denunciándote jada ñudos por descifraseis oré pelote ro botó tu sí mejorado compatibilizaciones enyerba oyeses atinado papa borbón pe dé ñora semis prosada luces leí aconteciesen doy colmará o ve te modismos virola garbillen apostabas abstenido ha bajá le osar cima ají adormecéis ñu mohecí orden abrogándote dan acanilladas uta emú ha emporcara manila arribeña hollejo ver puntead ijadeáis chalanesca pechugón silbo arabescos e i o arenar oxidas palear ce oca enmaderen niñez acude topó aguanieves i aconsejaseis lago él roía grafito ceñir jopo nitritos mofe botáis nato compresores ñu asilo amerizan allanándola cuela ó han ice puya alta lío son de sebo antieconómicas alá aceza latitud faca lavé colocándolos concebirlo miserea ñus gro mearé enchivarse";

    long time0=System.currentTimeMillis();
    for (int i=0; i<ITERATIONS; i++) holder[0]=makeValidPathName(tester); // store in an array to avoid possible JIT optimizations
    long elapsed0=System.currentTimeMillis()-time0;

    Log.d(XTAG, "Original REGEX  : "+elapsed0+" ms");

    long time1=System.currentTimeMillis();
    for (int i=0; i<ITERATIONS; i++) holder[1]=makeValidPathName_compiled(tester); // store in an array to avoid possible JIT optimizations
    long elapsed1=System.currentTimeMillis()-time1;

    Log.d(XTAG, "Compiled REGEX  : "+elapsed1+" ms");

    long time2=System.currentTimeMillis();
    for (int i=0; i<ITERATIONS; i++) holder[2]=makeValidPathName_lut(tester); // store in an array to avoid possible JIT optimizations
    long elapsed2=System.currentTimeMillis()-time2;

    Log.d(XTAG, "Character LUT   : "+elapsed2+" ms");

    long time3=System.currentTimeMillis();
    for (int i=0; i<ITERATIONS; i++) holder[3]=makeValidPathName_normalizer(tester); // store in an array to avoid possible JIT optimizations
    long elapsed3=System.currentTimeMillis()-time3;

    Log.d(XTAG, "Java NORMALIZER : "+elapsed3+" ms");

    Log.d(XTAG, "Output 0: "+holder[0]);
    Log.d(XTAG, "Output 1: "+holder[1]);
    Log.d(XTAG, "Output 2: "+holder[2]);
    Log.d(XTAG, "Output 3: "+holder[3]);
    }
};

伙计们，非常感谢您的建议:)我喜欢stackoverflow：）

Answer 1

如果必须使用正则表达式，则可以预编译模式：

Map<Pattern, String> patterns = new HashMap<Pattern, String>();
{ // initializer block (you could do this in constructor also)
    patterns.put(Pattern.compile("[ÁÀÂÄáàäaàáâãäå]") ,"a");
    rawString = rawString.replaceAll("æ","ae");
    // etc.
}

// later...
for (Map.Entry<Pattern, String> e : patterns) {
    rawString = e.getValue().matcher(rawString).replaceAll(e.getKey());
}

for循环中的行是关键。这是解剖：

e.getValue()从地图密钥中获取模式
.matcher(rawString)获取模式的Matcher对象，以将正则表达式的实例与给定字符串（原始字符串）匹配
.replaceAll就像String方法一样（我相信String实际使用此方法）
e.getKey()从地图密钥中获取要替换的值

进一步阅读的链接：

Answer 2

构建一个静态Map<Character,String>，将一个字符映射到其替换字符串，即将“Á”映射到“a”，将“ä”映射到“a”等。还包括一对一的对应关系，即地图'a'到“a”，依此类推。你得到一张最多有几百个条目的地图。

现在迭代输入字符串的字符，并在静态地图中查找替换字符串。如果地图不包含条目，则跳过该字符，否则将替换附加到StringBuilder。

Answer 3

您可以尝试使用Normalizer而不是使用正则表达式。您可以找到有关它的信息here。

从该页面开始：

import java.text.Normalizer;
import java.text.Normalizer.Form;

// ...

public static String removeAccents(String text) {
    return text == null ? null
        : Normalizer.normalize(text, Form.NFD)
            .replaceAll("\\p{InCombiningDiacriticalMarks}+", "");
}

它并不能解决您的所有需求，但它适用于各种各样的角色。但是，无论如何，我建议进行性能测量，以比较两种解决方案。如果你真的想要使用正则表达式解决方案，请先尝试创建一些静态模式，然后再使用Matchers，这样你只需要一次创建这些模式的开销。

任何人都可以建议更快的替代这个正则表达式算法？

3 个答案: