ifelse每次都真的计算它的两个向量吗?它慢吗?

时间:2013-04-29 09:22:22

标签: r performance if-statement vectorization

ifelse是否真的同时计算yesno向量 - 就像每个向量的整体一样? 或者它只是从每个向量计算一些值?

另外,ifelse真的那么慢吗?

1 个答案:

答案 0 :(得分:74)

是。 (有例外)

ifelse计算其yes值及其no值。除test条件全部为TRUE或全部为FALSE的情况外。

我们可以通过生成随机数并观察实际生成的数量来看到这一点。 (通过还原seed)。

# TEST CONDITION, ALL TRUE
set.seed(1)
dump  <- ifelse(rep(TRUE, 200), rnorm(200), rnorm(200))
next.random.number.after.all.true <- rnorm(1)

# TEST CONDITION, ALL FALSE
set.seed(1)
dump  <- ifelse(rep(FALSE, 200), rnorm(200), rnorm(200))
next.random.number.after.all.false <- rnorm(1)

# TEST CONDITION, MIXED
set.seed(1)
dump   <- ifelse(c(FALSE, rep(TRUE, 199)), rnorm(200), rnorm(200))
next.random.number.after.some.TRUE.some.FALSE <- rnorm(1)

# RESET THE SEED, GENERATE SEVERAL RANDOM NUMBERS TO SEARCH FOR A MATCH
set.seed(1)
r.1000 <- rnorm(1000)


cat("Quantity of random numbers generated during the `ifelse` statement when:", 
    "\n\tAll True  ", which(r.1000 == next.random.number.after.all.true) - 1,
    "\n\tAll False ", which(r.1000 == next.random.number.after.all.false) - 1,
    "\n\tMixed T/F ", which(r.1000 == next.random.number.after.some.TRUE.some.FALSE) - 1 
  )

提供以下输出:

Quantity of random numbers generated during the `ifelse` statement when: 
  All True   200 
  All False  200 
  Mixed T/F  400   <~~ Notice TWICE AS MANY numbers were
                       generated when `test` had both
                       T & F values present

我们也可以在源代码中看到它:

.
.
if (any(test[!nas]))    
    ans[test & !nas] <- rep(yes, length.out = length(ans))[test &   # <~~~~ This line and the one below
        !nas]
if (any(!test[!nas])) 
    ans[!test & !nas] <- rep(no, length.out = length(ans))[!test &  # <~~~~ ... are the cluprits
        !nas]
.
.

请注意yesno仅在有时计算 是NA的非test值,分别为TRUEFALSE
在这一点上 - 这是效率的重要部分 - 计算每个向量 的整体。


好的,但它慢了吗?

让我们看看我们是否可以测试它:

library(microbenchmark)

# Create some sample data
  N <- 1e4
  set.seed(1)
  X <- sample(c(seq(100), rep(NA, 100)), N, TRUE)
  Y <- ifelse(is.na(X), rnorm(X), NA)  # Y has reverse NA/not-NA setup than X

这两个语句生成相同的结果

yesifelse <- quote(sort(ifelse(is.na(X), Y+17, X-17 ) ))
noiflese  <- quote(sort(c(Y[is.na(X)]+17, X[is.na(Y)]-17)))

identical(eval(yesifelse), eval(noiflese))
# [1] TRUE

但是一个是另一个

的两倍
microbenchmark(eval(yesifelse), eval(noiflese), times=50L)

N = 1,000
Unit: milliseconds
            expr      min       lq   median       uq      max neval
 eval(yesifelse) 2.286621 2.348590 2.411776 2.537604 10.05973    50
  eval(noiflese) 1.088669 1.093864 1.122075 1.149558 61.23110    50

N = 10,000
Unit: milliseconds
            expr      min       lq   median       uq      max neval
 eval(yesifelse) 30.32039 36.19569 38.50461 40.84996 98.77294    50
  eval(noiflese) 12.70274 13.58295 14.38579 20.03587 21.68665    50